ArticleJournal of Crohn's & colitis2023
Intake of Ultra-processed Foods Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Crohn's Disease: A Cross-sectional and Prospective Analysis of 187 154 Participants in the UK Biobank.
Article in Journal of Crohn's & colitis, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07169123 (Protease Regulation and Impact of Sodium as Mechanisms of Inflammation in IBD), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protease Regulation and Impact of Sodium as Mechanisms of Inflammation in IBD
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- NUTRITION MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: A CONSENSUS OF THE BRAZILIAN ORGANIZATION FOR CROHN'S AND COLITIS (GEDIIB).Arquivos de gastroenterologia · 2026Pooled it
- Beyond Nutrients: NOVA-Defined Dietary Patterns in Crohn's Disease and Healthy Adults.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Clinical Trial: The Effects of Emulsifiers in the Food Supply on Disease Activity in Crohn's Disease: An Exploratory Double-Blinded Randomised Feeding Trial.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Precision nutrition for the prevention and management of inflammatory bowel disease.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Diet, Ultra-Processed Foods, and Food Additives in Crohn's Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Food-Based Therapies in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Ultra-processed food and risk of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis: a prospective cohort study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Dietary emulsifiers and host inflammation synergistically drive genomic evolution of Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli toward enhanced pathogenicity.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2026Article
- Associations between Dietary Selenium Intake and Risk of Incident Arthritis: Based on UK Biobank WebQ Assessment (2009-2012).Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Relation of ultra-processed food consumption with ulcerative colitis disease activity.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal association of ultra-processed food consumption with biological aging: the mediating role of adiposity measures.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Dietary total antioxidant capacity alleviates inflammatory bowel disease-related surgery, gastrointestinal cancer, and mortality risks among middle-aged and older individuals.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Preventive Effect ofNutrients · 2026Article
- Associations of ultra-processed food intake with bone mineral density and fractures in the UK Biobank.The British journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Integrated metabolomics and genetic analyses reveal loss of protective docosahexaenoic acid as a key driver linking ultra-processed food to Crohn's disease risk.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Food Insecurity, Diet, and Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Role of Unprocessed Foods.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Ultra-Processed Foods and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review of Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Dietary Implications.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Ultra-Processed Food Intake in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Case-Control Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsUltra-processed food [UPF] consumption has been linked to globally increasing incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. We aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption and IBD incidence, prevalence, and IBD-relevant outcomes.
methodsWe performed a cross-sectional and prospective cohort study in 187 854 individuals included in the national UK Biobank, using 24-h dietary recall questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to examine the association between UPFs and the prevalence and incidence risk of IBD, respectively.
resultsA total of 185 849 participants with a mean age of 56.2 were included, with a mean follow-up of 9.84 years. During follow-up, 841 developed IBD (251 Crohn's disease [CD], and 590 ulcerative colitis [UC]). UPF intake in IBD patients was significantly higher: CD: odds ratio [OR] 1.94 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52, 2.49, p <0.001); UC: OR 1.39 [95% CI: 1.17, 1.65, p <0.001]. Compared with low consumption, higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with incident CD: hazard ration [HR] 2.00 [95% CI: 1.32, 3.03, p = 0.001], but not UC. We also found a significant association between UPF intake and need of IBD-related surgery: HR 4.06 [95% CI: 1.52, 10.86, p = 0.005].
conclusionHigher intake of UPFs was associated with higher incidence of CD, but not UC. In individuals with a pre-existing diagnosis of IBD, consumption of UPFs was significantly higher compared with controls, and was associated with an increased need for IBD-related surgery. Further studies are needed to address the impact of UPF intake on disease pathogenesis and outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.