SynthesisJournal of neurotrauma2023
Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Population Attributable Risk of Dementia Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury in Civilians and Veterans.
Synthesis in Journal of neurotrauma, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Population attributable fractions of modifiable risk factors for dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. Healthy longevity · 2024Pooled it
- Delirium in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury and Long-Term Cognitive Decline: A Global Federated Real World Data Analysis.European journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Neuropsychological criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) best identify neuroimaging-based risk profiles: A Department of Defense/Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2026Article
- A novel hierarchical framework elucidating regional differences in α-synuclein and tau co-pathology in military veterans with parkinsonism.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Traumatic brain injury and risk of early-onset dementia: A population-based cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Retired contact sports athletes with cognitive concerns: promoting lifelong brain health.Practical neurology · 2026Review
- The role of noninfectious comorbidities in the association between severe infections and risk of dementia in Finland: A nationwide registry study.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- The Use of Digital Neurocognitive Assessments to Assess Traumatic Brain Injury and Dementia in Older Trauma Patients: An Emergency Department Feasibility Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and All-Cause and Dementia-Related Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Lower Risk of Incident Dementia with SGLT2 Inhibitor Versus DPP-4 Inhibitor Initiation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Prior Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Associations between traumatic brain injury and the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease dementia and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A retrospective cohort study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Cognitive decline in U.S. military veterans: risk factors and clinical implications.Frontiers in dementia · 2026Article
- Explosive shock wave exposure leads to age-accelerated motor and sensory decline inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Lithium mitigates hippocampal tau pathology in a rodent model of traumatic brain injury.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Pathological Calcium Signaling in Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease: From Acute Neuronal Injury to Chronic Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biomarker evidence of neurodegeneration in mid-life former rugby players.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Social determinants of dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathological tau phosphorylation in traumatic brain injury: implications for chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Distinct clinical phenotypes and their neuroanatomic correlates in chronic traumatic brain injury.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Associations Between Traumatic Brain Injury Characteristics and Memory Outcomes: Insights from the Health and Retirement Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for dementia. However, the magnitude of risk is highly variable across studies. Identification of sub-populations at highest risk, with careful consideration of potential sources of bias, is urgently needed to guide public health policy and research into mechanisms and treatments. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of risk of all-cause dementia after all-severity TBI. We assessed for effect of participant age and sex, veteran status, research methods, and region. The search window covered January 1990 to January 2019. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. Thirty-two studies met inclusion criteria. Data were pooled using random effects models. Population attributable risk (PAR) of dementia due to TBI in the U.S. was calculated by sex and veteran status. Pooled risk ratio (RR) for dementia after TBI was 1.66 (95% confidence interval 1.42-1.93). Younger age, male sex, and studies from Asia were associated with significantly higher risk; veteran status was not. Risk of dementia associated with "head injury/trauma" was not significantly different from that associated with "TBI" diagnosis specifically. PAR of dementia due to TBI among U.S. veterans was twice that of the general U.S. population, largely due to the high prevalence of TBI exposure in the majority male veteran population. This meta-analysis found that TBI is associated with nearly 70% increased risk of dementia. Risk may be highest among younger adults, men, and cohorts in Asia. Efforts to prevent TBI and also to prevent post-TBI dementia are of high importance. Additionally, improved methods for diagnosing and tracking TBI on a public health level, such as national registries, may improve the quality and generalizability of future epidemiological studies investigating the association between TBI and dementia.
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