ArticleCureus2022
Disparities in Incidences of Cesarean Section Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the United States.
Article in Cureus, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Gestational Diabetes on Neonatal Outcomes in Jeddah City: A Retrospective Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Role of Parity and Age in Cesarean Section Rate among Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Hail, Saudi Arabia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background In this study, we explored the interaction between women's race/ethnicity and insurance type and determined how these interactions affect the incidences of cesarean section (CS) among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methodology We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from January 2000 to September 2015 to conduct a retrospective analysis of all GDM-associated hospitalizations. We then explored the interaction between race/ethnicity and insurance types and determined how these interactions affect the incidences of CS among GDM patients, controlling for traditional risk factors for CS and patients' sociodemographics. Subsequently, we determined the risk of primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in the CS group and a propensity score-matched control group who had vaginal deliveries. Results There were 932,431 deliveries diagnosed with GDM in the NIS database from January 2000 to September 2015. The mean age of the study population was 30.6 ± 5.9 years, 44.5% were white, 14.0% were black, and 26.7% were Hispanic. The CS rate was 40.5%. After controlling for covariates, women who utilized private insurance had the highest CS rate across the different races/ethnicities; white (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21 (1.17-1.25)) blacks (OR = 1.33 (1.26-1.41)), and Hispanic (OR = 1.12 (1.06-1.18)). CS patients were less likely to develop PPH compared to their matched controls with vaginal deliveries (OR = 0.67 (0.63-0.71)). Conclusions Private insurance is associated with higher incidences of CS among women with GDM, irrespective of race/ethnicity.
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Registered trials
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