ArticleAdvances in rheumatology (London, England)2022
Serum MMP-9, SP-D, and VEGF levels reflect the severity of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung diseases.
Article in Advances in rheumatology (London, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum surfactant protein D as a significant biomarker for predicting occurrence, progression, acute exacerbation, and mortality in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Enriched Fractions as a Potential Source of Biomarkers for Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (SSc-ILD): A Shotgun Proteomic Exploration Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis in Connective Tissue Disease-Related Interstitial Lung Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Serum CA125 is independently associated with adverse outcomes in primary Sjögren's syndrome-associated interstitial lung disease: a prospective multicenter cohort study.Respiratory research · 2026Observational
- The role of serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the etiology of inguinal hernia.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2025Article
- Treating connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease - think outside the box: a perspective.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Consecutive intrabronchial administration of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in ECMO-supported pediatric patients with end-stage interstitial lung disease: a safety and feasibility study (CIBA method).Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors as upcoming biomarker signatures of connective tissue diseases-related interstitial lung disease: towards an earlier and accurate diagnosis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Serum KL-6 and SP-D: Markers of Lung Function in Autoimmune-Related Interstitial Lung Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Practical Multidisciplinary Approach to Identifying Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Clinician's Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Identifying the link between serum VEGF and KL-6 concentrations: a correlation analysis for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis interstitial lung disease progression.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common pulmonary complication of connective tissue disease (CTD). This study aims to evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), surfactant protein-D (SP-D), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as potential biomarkers for CTD-ILD.
methodsThis research included 33 CTD-ILD patients, 31 CTD patients without ILD, and 24 healthy control subjects. Then, the value of biomarkers for the diagnosis and evaluation of CTD-ILD was assessed through high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings and pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters.
resultsThe serum MMP-9, SP-D, and VEGF levels in the CTD-ILD group were higher than those in the CTD-NILD group and healthy group. The ROC curve indicates that VEGF has good to excellent diagnostic performance in diagnosing CTD-ILD, the cut-off that best optimizes sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing CTD-ILD is 277.60 pg/ml (sensitivity, 87.9%; specificity, 83.6%), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.905 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.842-0.968); The ROC curve for MMP-9 suggests this biomarker is fair for diagnosis of CTD-ILD(sensitivity, 81.8%; specificity, 81.8%), with an AUC of 0.867 (95% CI 0.784-0.950), but SP-D only provided lower specificity with higher sensitivity in diagnosing CTD-ILD(sensitivity, 90.9%; specificity, 40.0%). The different serum biomarkers are more specific and sensitive when combined to diagnose ILD. The semiquantitative score for the degree of ILD severity on HRCT was positively correlated with SP-D and VEGF levels (r = 0.461, P = 0.007; r = 0.362, P = 0.039), and serum MMP-9 levels were elevated in the UIP subgroup compared to the non-UIP subgroup. The percentage of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLco) (% predicted) had a negative correlation with the SP-D level (r = - 0.407, P = 0.044) and a statistically negative correlation between MMP-9 and the forced vital capacity (FVC) (r = - 0.451, P = 0.024).
conclusionsSerum MMP-9, SP-D, and VEGF levels may have clinical value in screening and evaluating the severity of CTD-ILD.
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