ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2022
The energetic cost of allostasis and allostatic load.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07080138 (Research on the Psychological Status of Patients With HIV-1 Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 88 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Research on the Psychological Status of Patients With HIV-1 Infection
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Chronic stress in relation to clinical burnout: an integrative scoping review of definitions and measurement approaches.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Meal frequency strategies for the management of type 2 diabetes subjects: A systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Adaptogens on Depression-Related Outcomes: A Systematic Integrative Review and Rationale of Synergism with Physical Activity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Nutritional Strategies in the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Integrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Stress, needs, and behaviour: understanding chronic stress in pet domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from the prism of needs.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Energy constraint on human health.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Social Physiology: Human homeostasis is more efficient in social proximity.Science advances · 2026Article
- Differential heat shock protein transcript expression in mouse lower urinary tract (LUT) pathways in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis or repeated variate stress (RVS).Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2026Article
- Stress Processes and Resilience Pathways of Sexually and Gender Diverse Communities: A Narrative Review of 15 Years of Evolving Research Priorities and Practices.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Review
- Physical Exercise and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease in Experimental Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Saliva cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) response during physical and cognitive stress.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Saliva cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) as a dynamic biomarker of stress and emotion in daily life: Evidence from two independent repeated-measures studies.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Training-Fuel Coupling (TFC): A Molecular Sports Nutrition Framework for Energy Availability, Chrono-Nutrition, and Performance Optimization.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Participant Perceptions of a Trauma-Informed Advanced Care Planning Intervention: A Qualitative Study.Journal of palliative medicine · 2026Article
- Early-life adversities are associated with anxiety and somatic symptoms among university students: moderation by family support.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune Interactions in Stress and Depression: Exploring the Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms within the Neuroinflammation-depression Nexus.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Spatially convergent functional MRI signatures of diabetes and male sex identify genetic vulnerabilities to accelerated brain ageing.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Uncertainty as an operative construct and treatment target in functional neurological disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Impact of Time of Night on Affect and Affective State Type: A Simulated Nightshift Study.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- The allostatic triage model of psychopathology (ATP Model): How reallocation of brain energetic resources under stress elicits psychiatric symptoms.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic psychosocial stress increases disease risk and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. Here we outline an energy-based model for the transduction of chronic stress into disease over time. The energetic model of allostatic load (EMAL) emphasizes the energetic cost of allostasis and allostatic load, where the "load" is the additional energetic burden required to support allostasis and stress-induced energy needs. Living organisms have a limited capacity to consume energy. Overconsumption of energy by allostatic brain-body processes leads to hypermetabolism, defined as excess energy expenditure above the organism's optimum. In turn, hypermetabolism accelerates physiological decline in cells, laboratory animals, and humans, and may drive biological aging. Therefore, we propose that the transition from adaptive allostasis to maladaptive allostatic states, allostatic load, and allostatic overload arises when the added energetic cost of stress competes with longevity-promoting growth, maintenance, and repair. Mechanistically, the energetic restriction of growth, maintenance and repair processes leads to the progressive wear-and-tear of molecular and organ systems. The proposed model makes testable predictions around the physiological, cellular, and sub-cellular energetic mechanisms that transduce chronic stress into disease risk and mortality. We also highlight new avenues to quantify allostatic load and its link to health across the lifespan, via the integration of systemic and cellular energy expenditure measurements together with classic allostatic load biomarkers.
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