ArticlePloS one2022
Clustering ICU patients with sepsis based on the patterns of their circulating biomarkers: A secondary analysis of the CAPTAIN prospective multicenter cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01378169 (Early Detection and Diagnostic Performance of Bio-markers During Bacterial Sepsis), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Detection and Diagnostic Performance of Bio-markers During Bacterial Sepsis: Multicentre Cohort Study in Intensive Care
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetic Regulation of the NET Formation-Blood-Brain Barrier Axis in Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets and Translational Perspectives.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Predicting acute kidney injury in septic shock patients using inflammatory indices in the intensive care unit.World journal of critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Syndromic Analysis of Sepsis Cohorts Using Large Language Models.JAMA network open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough sepsis is a life-threatening condition, its heterogeneous presentation likely explains the negative results of most trials on adjunctive therapy. This study in patients with sepsis aimed to identify subgroups with similar immune profiles and their clinical and outcome correlates.
methodsA secondary analysis used data of a prospective multicenter cohort that included patients with early assessment of sepsis. They were described using Predisposition, Insult, Response, Organ failure sepsis (PIRO) staging system. Thirty-eight circulating biomarkers (27 proteins, 11 mRNAs) were assessed at sepsis diagnosis, and their patterns were determined through principal component analysis (PCA). Hierarchical clustering was used to group the patients and k-means algorithm was applied to assess the internal validity of the clusters.
resultsTwo hundred and three patients were assessed, of median age 64.5 [52.0-77.0] years and SAPS2 score 55 [49-61] points. Five main patterns of biomarkers and six clusters of patients (including 42%, 21%, 17%, 9%, 5% and 5% of the patients) were evidenced. Clusters were distinguished according to the certainty of the causal infection, inflammation, use of organ support, pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, and adaptive profile markers.
conclusionsIn this cohort of patients with suspected sepsis, we individualized clusters which may be described with criteria used to stage sepsis. As these clusters are based on the patterns of circulating biomarkers, whether they might help to predict treatment responsiveness should be addressed in further studies.
trial registrationThe CAPTAIN study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov on June 22, 2011, # NCT01378169.
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