ReviewActa bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis2022
Retrospective observational studies: Lights and shadows for medical writers.
Review in Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prognostic value of the prognostic nutritional index in colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- Comprehensive Multimodal Diagnostics and Rehabilitation in Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome Following Motor Vehicle Collision.Journal of medical cases · 2026Article
- A Retrospective Weekly Rating of Perceived Exertion Measure May Assist Training Load Monitoring in Professional Tennis Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effect of two different training interventions on improving vaginal twin birth rates and provider confidence and knowledge levels: A pre- and post-intervention study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Observational
- Clinical Outcomes of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Combination Therapy in Heart Failure: A Real-World Propensity-Matched TriNetX Analysis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- READER'S FORUM.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2026Article
- Retrospective Clinical Studies in Interventional Oncology: Relevance and Challenges.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Review
- Balneotherapy and Manual Therapy of Key Myofascial Trigger Points as Therapeutic Integration for COPD Associated with Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Case Series.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance Characteristics ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Effects of non-invasive multimodal transcutaneous electrotherapy on pain and posture associated with lumbar radicular pain: A case series.SAGE open medical case reports · 2026Article
- Beyond traditional models: a content analysis exploring the applicability of harm reduction in eating disorder care.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Article
- In triple-negative breast cancer, fibrotic focus, the mitotic activity index and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes have independent prognostic value: an observational population-based cohort study with very long follow-up.Journal of clinical pathology · 2025Observational
- Vehicle extrication in road traffic crashes: a descriptive analysis of an advanced medical rescue service in South Africa.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2025Article
- Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Pediatric Cancers in Southern Ghana: A Retrospective Observational Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Cardio-Respiratory, Functional and Antalgic Effects of the Integrated Thermal Care Protocol After Breast Cancer Surgery.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dual Functions of Androgen Receptor Overexpression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Complex Prognostic Marker.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Misuse of the Term Retrospective Cohort. Comment on Alsayouf et al. Atomoxetine Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in 3-6-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- High relative cerebral blood volume is associated with good long term clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective cohort study.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Haemolytic Anaemia-Related Pulmonary Hypertension.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A retrospective study (by definition non-interventional) is a purely observational review and/or reassessment of database records with the aim of analyzing previous events of interest. The ethical and scientific standards for conducting biomedical research with humans have been established in international guidelines. Nevertheless, the reporting of ethical considerations in human research is not yet agreed upon globally, although some progress has been made in recent years. If a study has been granted exemption from ethics approval, this should be indicated in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption) and, if formal review by an ethics committee is not available, a statement should be included indicating that the research was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Editors play an important role in adherence to these ethical requirements for all submitted and published research papers in their journals. This short review paper focuses on the main lights and shadows of ethical aspects for conducting retrospective observational studies in humans and implications for medical writers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.