SynthesisViruses2022
Identification of Risk Factors for African Swine Fever: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Viruses, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Literature Review of Variables Associated with the Occurrence of African Swine Fever.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- Current Insights into the Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of African Swine Fever Virus and Future Control Perspectives.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- African swine fever outbreaks in German pig holdings - experiences, epidemiological considerations and genome sequences.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Farm management and breeding-related animal movement associated with African swine fever risk in smallholder pig farms in West Timor, Indonesia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Intranasal inoculation with African swine fever virus genotype II reveals dose-dependent infectivity, pathogenesis and diagnostic challenges in pigs.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Article
- Active Surveillance and Farm-Level Risk Evaluation of African Swine Fever in Southern Nigeria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Environmental DNA (eDNA) contamination patterns of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in swine transport vehicles in the Philippines.Veterinarni medicina · 2025Article
- Emergence and Control of African Swine Fever.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Risk and protective factors for ASF in domestic pigs and wild boar in the EU, and mitigation measures for managing the disease in wild boar.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Development of the PD9-9 Monoclonal Antibody for Identifying Porcine Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Stability of a surrogate African swine fever-like algal virus in corn- and soybean-based feed ingredients during extended storage andFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Article
- Improving African Swine Fever Surveillance Using Fluorescent Rapid Tests.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Three Years of African Swine Fever in South Korea (2019-2021): A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Understanding.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2023Article
- Estimating the time of infection for African swine fever in pig farms in Korea.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Risk of African swine fever virus transmission among wild boar and domestic pigs in Poland.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an internationally-spreading viral pig disease that severely damages agricultural pork production and trade economy as well as social welfare in disease-affected regions. A comprehensive understanding of ASF risk factors is imperative for efficient disease control. As the absence of effective ASF vaccines limits disease management options, the identification and minimisation of ASF-associated risk factors is critical to preventing ASF outbreaks. Here, we compile currently known potential ASF risk factors identified through a systematic literature review. We found 154 observation-based and 1239 potential ASF risk factors, which we were able to group into the following defined risk categories: 'ASF-virus', 'Biosecurity', 'Disease control', 'Environment', 'Husbandry', 'Movement', 'Network', 'Pig', 'Society' and 'Surveillance'. Throughout the epidemiological history of ASF there have been similar risk categories, such as 'Environment'-related risk factors, predominantly reported in the literature irrespective of the ASF situation at the time. While ASF risk factor reporting has markedly increased since 2010, the majority of identified risk factors overall have referred to domestic pigs. The reporting of risk factors for ASF in wild boar mostly commenced from 2016 onwards. The compendium of ASF risk factors presented herein defines our current knowledge of ASF risk factors, and critically informs ASF-related problem solving.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.