Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36298600›Full record

ArticleVaccines2022

COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Hesitancy (VBH) among Healthcare Professionals of Pakistan, a Nationwide Survey.

Muhammad Subhan Arshad, Imran Masood, Imran Imran, Hamid Saeed, Imran Ahmad, Iqra Ishaq, Hafsa Yaseen, Muqarrab Akbar, Muhammad Omer Chaudhry, Muhammad Fawad Rasool

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In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Temporal trends in vaccine hesitancy among Caribbean health workers: analysis of 2021 and 2024 surveys.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Muhammad Subhan ArshadDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-0282-0216
Imran MasoodDepartment of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Imran ImranDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0003-1337-8574
Hamid SaeedUniversity College of Pharmacy, Allama Iqbal Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-1400-4825
Imran AhmadDepartment of Pharmacy, Southern Punjab Institute of Health Sciences, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
Iqra IshaqDepartment of Pharmacy, Southern Punjab Institute of Health Sciences, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
Hafsa YaseenDepartment of Pharmacy, Southern Punjab Institute of Health Sciences, Multan 60000, Pakistan.
Muqarrab AkbarDepartment of Political Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Muhammad Omer ChaudhrySchool of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
Muhammad Fawad RasoolDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-8607-8583
Bahauddin Zakariya University · PKMuhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture · PKIslamia University of Bahawalpur · PKUniversity of the Punjab · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The waning vaccine immunity and emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 led health authorities across the globe to administer booster doses (BDs) of the COVID-19 vaccine. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the COVID-19 vaccine booster hesitancy (VBH) amongst Pakistani healthcare professionals (HCPs). Methods: A nationwide survey-based study was carried out from April 2022 to May 2022. The online self-administered questionnaire was utilized to collect data regarding demographics (age, gender, marital status, profession, residential area, and province), COVID-19 infection history (infection history, onset, and clinical severity of disease), previous COVID-19 vaccination (type of vaccination and the number of doses), attitudes towards BDs (acceptance, rejection, and hesitancy), and psychological drivers of VBH (perceived effectiveness, vaccine safety, risk/benefit ratio, and vaccine type preference). We assessed the association between the dependent variable attitudes of study participants, regarding BDs and independent variables (demographics, COVID-19 infection history, previous COVID-19 vaccination, and psychological drivers of VBH), by using the Chi-square test/Fisher exact test. Results: Among the 1164 study participants, 51.4% were male, and 80.4% were medical professionals. The half of study participants (52.1%) agreed to take the COVID-19 vaccine BD or had already taken it, while the rest of them refused (34.7%) or hesitated (24.2%) to take it. These attitudes of the participants were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with psychological divers about the COVID-19 vaccine BD. Conclusion: This study revealed that Pakistani HCPs hesitant to take the COVID-19 vaccine BD had concerns about the safety, efficacy, and risk/benefits ratio of the vaccine’s BD. To eliminate the hesitancy, regarding BD in HCPs, certain educational strategies should be implemented by health authorities to address the concerns of HCPs.

Indexed as

booster doseCOVID-19 vaccinesPakistanvaccine acceptancevaccine hesitancy

Identifiers

PMID36298600
PMCPMC9610760
OpenAlexW4306760813

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.