ArticlePolymers2022
Thermoforming Characteristics of PLA/TPU Multi-Material Specimens Fabricated with Fused Deposition Modelling under Different Temperatures.
Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Interlocking Interfaces for Enhanced Mechanical Properties in Bi-Component 3D Printing of Biodegradable Materials.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Composition-Dependent Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of TPU-Modified PLA and ABS Filaments for FDM Applications.Polymers · 2026Article
- The Impact of Coloring Additives on Thermal, Mechanical, and Tribological Properties of FDM-Printed Components.Polymers · 2026Article
- Review: Application of 3D Printing Technology in Soft Robots.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2024Review
- An Insight into the Characteristics of 3D Printed Polymer Materials for Orthoses Applications: Experimental Study.Polymers · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multi-material products are required in fused deposition modelling (FDM) to meet a desired specification such as a rigid structure with soft material for impact protection. This paper focuses on the thermoformability and shape recovery characteristics of three-dimensional (3D)-printed multi-material specimens under different thermoforming temperatures. The multi-material specimens consist of polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The PLA/TPU specimens were prepared by depositing the TPU component on top of the PLA component using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) machine. Simple thermoforming tests were proposed, where the specimens were bent under load and molded into a circular shape at different thermoforming temperatures. The bent specimens were then reheated at 60 °C to evaluate their shape memory ability. The test results were quantified into apparent bending modulus and shape recovery percentage. The PLA/TPU specimens showed a better apparent bending modulus of 143 MPa than a PLA specimen at a temperature between 60 °C to 90 °C. However, only the PLA/TPU specimens being thermoformed into a circular shape at 100 °C or greater showed good shape retention accuracy and interfacial surface bonding. The PLA/TPU specimens that were thermoformed at 60 °C to 90 °C showed reasonable shape memory of about 60% recovery when reheated. Finally, suitable thermoforming temperatures for thermoforming PLA/TPU specimens were suggested based on design needs.
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