ReviewPharmaceutics2022
New Horizons of Macrophage Immunomodulation in the Healing of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulatory Tissue-Engineering Strategies for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Management: A Systematic Review.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair SocietyPooled it
- MAFB Overexpression in Macrophages Promotes Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Transcriptionally Activating WDR74 to Drive a Tissue-Repair Phenotype and Suppress Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Successful Healing of a Chronic Distal Toe Ulcer with Tendon Exposure Using the Topical Macrophage Regulator ON101.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- [Effects and mechanisms of broccoli-derived extracellular vesicles on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic mice].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2026Article
- Mechanism of action of Astragalus membranaceus for treating diabetic foot ulcers based on single-cell RNA sequencing data and network pharmacology.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Insights Into Macrophage Polarization and M1/M2 Balance in Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Journal of diabetes · 2026Review
- Combining Hyaluronic Acid and Amino Acids for Improved Healing of Post-Extraction Tooth Socket in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Subjects: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Galectins: Role and Therapeutics in Diabetes and Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Menthol-Based Cream as a Novel Therapy for Diabetic Skin Wounds.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Human periodontal ligament stem cells promote oral ulcer healing in rats through modulation of TGF-β1/smad signaling.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Biomaterial-mediated remodelling of the inflammatory microenvironment: a pH/ROS-responsive EGCG-metformin hydrogel for infected diabetic wound regeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- EGF-loaded, bioactive-richFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Medicinal Plants Facilitate the Recovery of Diabetic Foot Ulcer by Regulating Macrophages: Latest Evidence and Insights.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- FGFR2 is a Candidate Immune-Associated Marker of Diabetic Foot Ulcer That Promotes Keratinocyte Function by Activating the PI3K/Akt and MAPK Pathways.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Anterolateral Thigh Flap Outcomes in High-Risk Diabetic Foot Reconstruction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Engineering macrophage phenotype switching via nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome inhibition: A translational approach using antibiotic cement for diabetic foot ulcers.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- From Control to Cure: Insights into the Synergy of Glycemic and Antibiotic Management in Modulating the Severity and Outcomes of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- A catechol-modified quaternized chitosan/PEG hydrogel for diabetic wound healing: synergistic effects of TGF-β3 delivery, angiogenesis, and antibacterial activity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Epigenetic regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization in diabetic wound healing (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most costly and troublesome complications of diabetes mellitus. The wound chronicity of DFUs remains the main challenge in the current and future treatment of this condition. Persistent inflammation results in chronic wounds characterized by dysregulation of immune cells, such as M1 macrophages, and impairs the polarization of M2 macrophages and the subsequent healing process of DFUs. The interactive regulation of M1 and M2 macrophages during DFU healing is critical and seems manageable. This review details how cytokines and signalling pathways are co-ordinately regulated to control the functions of M1 and M2 macrophages in normal wound repair. DFUs are defective in the M1-to-M2 transition, which halts the whole wound-healing machinery. Many pre-clinical and clinical innovative approaches, including the application of topical insulin, CCL chemokines, micro RNAs, stem cells, stem-cell-derived exosomes, skin substitutes, antioxidants, and the most recent Phase III-approved ON101 topical cream, have been shown to modulate the activity of M1 and M2 macrophages in DFUs. ON101, the newest clinically approved product in this setting, is designed specifically to down-regulate M1 macrophages and further modulate the wound microenvironment to favour M2 emergence and expansion. Finally, the recent evolution of macrophage modulation therapies and techniques will improve the effectiveness of the treatment of diverse DFUs.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.