ArticlePharmaceutics2022
Pharmacometric Modeling of the Impact of Azelastine Nasal Spray on SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load and Related Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Azelastine Nasal Spray for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infections: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Early intervention with azelastine nasal spray may reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Exploiting Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Methods for Optimizing and Accelerating Drug Development of Innovative Anti-Infectives.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The histamine-1 receptor antagonist azelastine was recently found to impact SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics in a Phase 2 clinical trial (CARVIN). Thus, we investigated the relationship between intranasal azelastine administrations and viral load, as well as symptom severity in COVID-19 patients and analyzed the impact of covariates using non-linear mixed-effects modeling. For this, we developed a pharmacokinetic (PK) model for the oral and intranasal administration of azelastine. A one-compartment model with parallel absorption after intranasal administration described the PK best, covering both the intranasal and the gastro-intestinal absorption pathways. For virus kinetic and symptoms modeling, viral load and symptom records were gathered from the CARVIN study that included data of 82 COVID-19 patients receiving placebo or intranasal azelastine. The effect of azelastine on viral load was described by a dose-effect model targeting the virus elimination rate. An extension of the model revealed a relationship between COVID-19 symptoms severity and the number of infected cells. The analysis revealed that the intranasal administration of azelastine led to a faster decline in viral load and symptoms severity compared to placebo. Moreover, older patients showed a slower decline in viral load compared to younger patients and male patients experienced higher peak viral loads than females.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.