ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2022
4D Printing of Hydrogels: Innovation in Material Design and Emerging Smart Systems for Drug Delivery.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biomimetic Scaffold-Based 3D Models for Decoding Cancer Biology and Advancing Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- From Smart Hydrogel Design to 4D-Printed Scaffolds: Emerging Paradigms in Precision Drug Delivery and Regenerative Wound Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- 4D Printing of Magnetically Responsive Shape Memory Polymers: Toward Sustainable Solutions in Soft Robotics, Wearables, and Biomedical Devices.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Advancing transdermal drug delivery through 4D bioprinting and dynamic skin modelling.Frontiers in drug delivery · 2026Review
- Exploring 4D Printing Technology for Biomedical Applications.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Article
- Pharmaceutical 3D Printing for Psychiatric Medications: Advanced Innovations in Taste Masking and Personalized Oral Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutical research · 2025Review
- Dynamic Hydrogels in Breast Tumor Models.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Innovative Wound Healing Strategy Through Amorphization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients as an Effective Approach for Hydrogel Formulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Polymeric Systems as Hydrogels and Membranes Containing Silver Nanoparticles for Biomedical and Food Applications: Recent Approaches and Perspectives.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A review of synergistic strategies in cancer therapy: resveratrol-loaded hydrogels for targeted and multimodal treatment.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Hydrogel-Based Continuum Soft Robots.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Extrusion bioprinting: meeting the promise of human tissue biofabrication?Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England) · 2025Review
- From Stents to Smart Implants Employing Biomimetic Materials: The Impact of 4D Printing on Modern Healthcare.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogels in Orthopedics: Applications and Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in 4D Printing: A Review of Current Smart Materials, Technologies, and Drug Delivery Systems.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Advancements in Polymer Biomaterials as Scaffolds for Corneal Endothelium Tissue Engineering.Polymers · 2024Review
- Transforming Object Design and Creation: Biomaterials and Contemporary Manufacturing Leading the Way.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Polymer Composites in 3D/4D Printing: Materials, Advances, and Prospects.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Advancements in the material design of smart hydrogels have transformed the way therapeutic agents are encapsulated and released in biological environments. On the other hand, the expeditious development of 3D printing technologies has revolutionized the fabrication of hydrogel systems for biomedical applications. By combining these two aspects, 4D printing (i.e., 3D printing of smart hydrogels) has emerged as a new promising platform for the development of novel controlled drug delivery systems that can adapt and mimic natural physio-mechanical changes over time. This allows printed objects to transform from static to dynamic in response to various physiological and chemical interactions, meeting the needs of the healthcare industry. In this review, we provide an overview of innovation in material design for smart hydrogel systems, current technical approaches toward 4D printing, and emerging 4D printed novel structures for drug delivery applications. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges in 4D printing hydrogels for drug delivery and their prospects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.