ArticleNutrients2022
Association of Infant Feeding Indicators and Infant Feeding Practices with Coexisting Forms of Malnutrition in Children under Six Months of Age.
Article in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Beyond the Cyclical Dynamics of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene With Coexisting Forms of Malnutrition Among Children Under 5 in Pakistan.International journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors in Chinese children and adolescents aged 3-14 years using machine learning algorithms.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of video-assisted planned teaching intervention on knowledge regarding weaning among mothers.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Determinants of coexisting forms of undernutrition among under-five children: Evidence from the Bangladesh demographic and health surveys.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Assessment of Determinants of Paediatric Diarrhoea Case Management Adherence in Pakistan.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessing the relationship of recommended diarrhea case management practices with the nutritional status of children aged between 0 to 59.9 months.Health open research · 2023Article
- Association of Nutritional Status With Food Group Consumption and Complementary Feeding Practices in 6 to 23 Month Old Children: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Sage open pediatricsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breastmilk is the only recommended source of nutrition for infants below six months of age. However, a significant proportion of children are either on supplemental breastfeeding (SBF) or weaned due to the early introduction of solid/semi-solid/soft food and liquids (SSF) before six months of age. There is good evidence that exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in infants below six months of age protects them from preventable illnesses, including malnutrition. The relationship between infant feeding practices and coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFMs) has not yet been explored. This study examined the association of different feeding indicators (continuation of breastfeeding, predominant feeding, and SSF) and feeding practices (EBF, SBF, and complete weaning) with CFM in infants aged below six months in Pakistan. National and regional datasets for Pakistan from the last ten years were retrieved from the Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) and UNICEF data repositories. In Pakistan, 34.5% of infants have some form of malnutrition. Among malnourished infants, 44.7% (~15.4% of the total sample) had a CFM. Continuation of breastfeeding was observed in more than 85% of infants, but less than a quarter were on EBF, and the rest were either SBF (65.4%) or weaned infants (13.7%). Compared to EBF, complete weaning increased the odds of coexistence of underweight with wasting, and underweight with both wasting and stunting by 1.96 (1.12-3.47) and 2.25 (1.16-4.36), respectively. Overall, breastfed children had lower odds of various forms of CFM (compared to non-breastfed), except for the coexistence of stunting with overweight/obesity. Continuation of any breastfeeding protected infants in Pakistan from various types of CFM during the first six months of life.
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