ArticleJournal of personalized medicine2022
IL-2 and IL-1β Patient Immune Responses Are Critical Factors in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Outcomes.
Article in Journal of personalized medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between interleukin-2 cytokine levels and Plasmodium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- DD-CC-II: Data Driven Cell-Cell Interaction Inference and Its Application to COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Early metabolic predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in normoglycemic adults: insights from six-year prospective cohort study.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2025Article
- Comparative Examination of Feline Coronavirus and Canine Coronavirus Effects on Extracellular Vesicles Acquired from A-72 Canine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Modulatory L-Alliin Effect on Acute Inflammatory Cytokines in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Article
- Assessment of the activity of the immune system in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and asymptomatic COVID-19.Przeglad gastroenterologiczny · 2024Article
- Antigen-specific T helper cells and cytokine profiles predict intensity and longevity of cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune dysregulation has been linked to morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Understanding the immunology of COVID-19 is critical for developing effective therapies, diagnostics, and prophylactic strategies to control the disease.
aimThe aim of this study was to correlate cytokine and chemokine serum levels with COVID-19 disease severity and mortality. SUBJECTS AND
methodsA total of 60 hospitalized patients from the Tabuk region of Saudi Arabia with confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study. At hospital admission, the IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-8, IL-10, LT-B4, and CCL-2 serum levels were measured. The cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients were compared to the levels in 30 healthy matched control subjects.
resultsThe IL-1 β, IL-2, LTB-4, CCL-2, and IL-8 levels (but not IL-10) were significantly higher in all COVID-19 patients (47 survivors and 13 non-survivors) compared with the levels in the healthy control group. In the non-survivor COVID-19 patients, patients' age, D-dimer, and creatinine kinase were significantly higher, and IL-1 β, IL-2, and IL-8 were significantly lower compared with the levels in the survivors.
conclusionMortality rates in COVID-19 patients are associated with increased age and a failure to mount an effective immune response rather than developing a cytokine storm. These results warrant the personalized treatment of COVID-19 patients based on cytokine profiling.
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