ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2022
Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Diagnosis, Tumor Grade and Prognosis in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unusual paraneoplastic thrombocytosis in small bowel neuroendocrine tumor responding toJCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Unravelling mesenteric fibrosis in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours and implications for clinical management.Endocrine-related cancer · 2026Review
- Crucial role of IL-6, IL-8, IL-11 and leptin in tumor microenvironment in a group of patients with GEP-NETs- crosstalk between inflammation and cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The metastatic spectrum in functional and non-functional NENs: mechanistic insights from multi-omics.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- IL-33 as a Marker of Poor Early Response in Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients Undergoing Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- DNA methylation regulates TREM1 expression to modulate immune responses and drive progression in colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm as a potential therapeutic target.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Recent research advances in interleukin, microRNA and neuroendocrine tumor biomarkers (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- A blood-based liquid biopsy analyzing soluble immune checkpoints and cytokines identifies distinct neuroendocrine tumors.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Article
- Associations Between Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and Inflammatory Factors: Insights From a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Article
- Searching for New Biomarkers of Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Comparative Analysis of Chromogranin A and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of selected circulating cytokines from the IL-6 family - interleukin 6, oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin-1 - in gastro-entero-pancreatic and bronchial neuroendocrine tumours.Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and aims: Inflammatory cytokines represent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in manifold cancers. Recent data suggest a pivotal role of these cytokines in different biological processes involved in the development of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). However, their role as biomarkers in NETs is only poorly understood. Methods: We analyzed serum concentrations of 13 inflammation-related cytokines at different time points in 43 patients with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic NETs (G1/G2) treated at Charité Berlin and compared them to 40 healthy controls. The results were correlated with clinical records. Results: Serum concentrations (Median (Interquartile Range (IQR)) in pg/mL) of IL-1β (124 (82) vs. 68 (61) pg/mL; p = 0.0003), IL-6 (111(122) vs. 88 (32) pg/mL; p = 0.0086), IL-8 (1058 (768) vs. 210 (90) pg/mL; p < 0.0001), IL-18 (2936 (1723) vs. 1590 (704) pg/mL; p < 0.0001), and TNF (271 (260) vs. 42 (25) pg/mL; p < 0.0001) were significantly elevated in NET patients, whereas IL-10 (43 (44) vs. 105 (48) pg/mL; p < 0.0001) showed lower concentrations in NETs when compared to controls. Cytokine levels significantly correlated with tumor grade (IL-6; p = 0.0070), prevalence of distant metastasis (IL-18; p = 0.0313), and disease progression over time (IL-10; p = 0.0033) but not tumor location. Chromogranin A (CgA) and the NETest are currently used to monitor treatment response. A more accurate prediction could possibly be achieved by employing a subset of cytokines. Our data clearly warrants further functional investigation into the role of the immune response and cytokine release in NETs. Conclusion: A biologically plausible panel of cytokines might be added to the diagnostic and prognostic tools currently employed in patients with NETs. Combining different markers into a score would elevate diagnostic accuracy compared to single markers.
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