Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36294030›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022

The Experiences of Informal Carers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Cara Bailey, Ping Guo, John MacArtney, Anne Finucane, Susan Swan, Richard Meade, Ellie Wagstaff

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Accessing Care Across Cultures: Qualitative Insights Into the Reality of Informal Caregivers From Ethnically Minoritised Groups.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
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  7. Caring During COVID-19: A Study of Intersectionality and Inequities in the Care Economy in 16 Countries.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Cara BaileySchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Ping GuoSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
John MacArtneyWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
Anne FinucaneClinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK.
Susan SwanMaggie's Glasgow, Gartnavel Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 OYN, UK.
Richard MeadeCarers UK, 20, Dover Street, London SE1 4LXT, UK.
Ellie WagstaffMarie Curie UK, Edinburgh EH10 7DR, UK.

Funding

Marie Curie MCSGS-21-503Marie Curie MCSGS-21-505
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo identify, critically appraise and synthesise the qualitative literature on the experiences of informal carers of people with long-term conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

designA qualitative systematic literature review. DATA SOURCES: Eight electronic databases were systematically searched (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Nursing and Allied Health and ASSIA) along with Google Scholar and handsearching via secondary sources. STUDY SELECTION: Eligible studies had to include the experiences of informal carers (adults who are 65 or older), use a qualitative methodology and had to be written in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Retrieved papers were quality assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative checklist and ranked for quality. Thematic analysis was used to synthesise the findings.

resultsFourteen studies were included, all from medical or nursing journals (

conclusionCarers' needs have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Greater practical and emotional support is needed for carers from both formal services and community sources that considers their changing needs and offers educational and emotional support for long-term wellbeing. Strengths and Limitations: (1) This is the first systematic review to explore in depth the experiences of informal carers caring for people with a range of long-term conditions and from an international context. (2) The review includes an analysis of the quality of the studies, as well as a study of their relative contributions. (3) Further research is needed to explore the physical, emotional and financial impact of the pandemic for bereaved carers which is not captured in this review due to the lack of empirical data available at the time of review.

Indexed as

CaregiversCOVID-19CounselingHumansPandemicsQualitative ResearchSocial SupportcarerCOVIDfamily caregiverinformal carepandemic

Identifiers

PMID36294030
PMCPMC9603569

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.