ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2022
Head Trauma Exposure in Mixed Martial Arts.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuropsychological Health in Mixed Martial Arts Fighters and Combat Sport Athletes: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- How Risky Is Mixed Martial Arts? Injury Rates and Patterns in Competitive Versus Recreational Athletes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Zirconia vs. titanium dental implants in maxillofacial trauma: a preliminary comparative biomechanical analysis in the maxilla using the finite element method.Head & face medicine · 2025Article
- The Risk of Joint and Neck Injuries in Mixed Martial Arts-Grappling and Submission Techniques in Professional Fights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Application of Electroencephalography (EEG) in Combat Sports-Review of Findings, Perspectives, and Limitations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Incidence of Health Problems in Australian Mixed Martial Arts and Muay Thai Competitors: A 14-Month Study of 26 Combat Sports Events.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Identifying Cervical Predictors of Recreational Mixed Martial Arts Participation: A Case-Control Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Defensive Performance Declines in Ultimate Fighting Championship Fighters Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of Protective Measures and Rules in Reducing the Incidence of Injuries in Combat Sports: A Scoping Review.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2023Article
- Comparison of Head Strike Incidence under K1 Rules of Kickboxing with and without Helmet Protection-A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Dimensions of Hybrid and Nanohybrid Mouthguards for Mixed Martial Arts Fighters-Evaluation of a New Method of Fabrication.Polymers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Combat sports training involves a high risk of head injury. Previously published research on head trauma exposure in MMA evaluated only the knockouts (KO), without calculating all head strikes. The aim of the research was to evaluate the total head trauma exposure during MMA competitions among male and female fighters. Two thousand four hundred and eighty-eight MMA fights from all numbered UFC events between 2000 and 2021 were analyzed. A database containing the results from officially published scorecards with information such as the outcome of a fight, its duration, number of strikes (significant and total amount of hits) depending on location and knockdowns was created. Additional video verification of the knockout technique was carried out. The athletes received an average of 2.41 significant head strikes out of a total of 6.30 head strikes per minute. Head strikes were more common in female fights than in male. Women executed more total and significant head strikes per minute than men. Head trauma caused the ending of 31.6% of all fights-more often in male fights (32.2%) than female (23.1%). It was the most common cause of knockouts-88.1%. Professional fights in mixed martial arts involve high exposure to head trauma. A careful evaluation of the risk involved in training in such a discipline is necessary to provide adequate prevention methods.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.