ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
TLR4-Pathway-Associated Biomarkers in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH): Potential Targets for Future Anti-Inflammatory Therapies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blockade of IRE1-XBP1 Signaling Pathway Ameliorates IL-6-dependent Nerve Damage and Neuron Pyroptosis after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice.Experimental neurobiology · 2026Article
- MiR-378a-3p Promotes Macrophage Polarization from M1 to M2 for Cardiac Repair after Infarction Via Trem1.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Article
- Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in neuroinflammation: From acute hemorrhagic stroke to chronic neurodegeneration.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- HSP60 Mediates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Microglial Pyroptosis Via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Axis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Inflammation · 2026Article
- Bullous Pemphigoid Develops Independently of DAP12.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Article
- Comprehensive insight on immune landscape in intracerebral hemorrhage patients with single-cell RNA sequencing: from blood to hematoma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- G Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 Attenuates Neuronal Pyroptosis Induced by Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Correlation of Neuroinflammation and Therapeutic Targets in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Free heme induces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment by microglial activation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Immunological Profile of Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The functions and regulatory pathways of S100A8/A9 and its receptors in cancers.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is associated with severe neurological deficits for survivors. Among survivors of the initial bleeding, secondary brain injury leads to additional brain damage. Apart from cerebral vasospasm, secondary brain injury mainly results from cerebral inflammation taking place in the brain parenchyma after bleeding. The brain's innate immune system is activated, which leads to disturbances in brain homeostasis, cleavage of inflammatory cytokines and, subsequently, neuronal cell death. The toll-like receptor (TLR)4 signaling pathway has been found to play an essential role in the pathophysiology of acute brain injuries such as subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). TLR4 is expressed on the cell surface of microglia, which are key players in the cellular immune responses of the brain. The participants in the signaling pathway, such as TLR4-pathway-like ligands, the receptor itself, and inflammatory cytokines, can act as biomarkers, serving as clues regarding the inflammatory status after SAH. Moreover, protein complexes such as the NLRP3 inflammasome or receptors such as TREM1 frame the TLR4 pathway and are indicative of inflammation. In this review, we focus on the activity of the TLR4 pathway and its contributors, which can act as biomarkers of neuroinflammation or even offer potential new treatment targets for secondary neuronal cell death after SAH.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.