ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2022
Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Play a Role in Immune System Modulation in Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles from plasma of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy induce neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in rats, which are prevented by treating the patients with rifaximin.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Systemic TGF-β1 reduction contributes to neuronal GLUT4 trafficking impairment in acute hepatic encephalopathy.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Ammonia and beyond - biomarkers of hepatic encephalopathy.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Nanopathways modulating postoperative cognitive dysfunction: extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Hyperammonemia increases the release of pathological extracellular vesicles from monocytes by impairing lysosomal function and autophagy through the TNFα-cAMP-PKA-LC3 pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Intercellular and Inter-Organ Crosstalk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Faecal hsa-miR-7704 inhibits the growth and adhesion of Bifidobacterium longum by suppressing ProB and aggravates hepatic encephalopathy.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2024Article
- Contribution of extracellular vesicles to neuroinflammation and cognitive and motor deficits in hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Review
- The negative effects of extracellular vesicles in the immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Neurofilament Light Chain Protein in Plasma and Extracellular Vesicles Is Associated with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy and Responses to Rifaximin Treatment in Cirrhotic Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is associated with changes in the immune system including an increased pro-inflammatory environment and altered differentiation of CD4+ T lymphocytes. The mechanisms remain unknown. Changes in extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo including proteins and miRNAs could play a main role as mediators of immune system changes associated with MHE. The aim was to assess whether plasma EVs from MHE patients played a role in inducing the pro-inflammatory environment and altered differentiation of CD4+ T lymphocyte subtypes in MHE patients. We characterized the miRNA and protein cargo of plasma EVs from 50 cirrhotic patients (27 without and 23 with MHE) and 24 controls. CD4+ T cells from the controls were cultured with plasma EVs from the three groups of study, and the cytokine release and differentiation to CD4+ T-cell subtypes were assessed. Plasma EVs from MHE patients had altered miRNA and protein contents, and were enriched in inflammatory factors compared to the controls and patients without MHE. EVs from MHE patients modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory IL-17, IL-21, and TNF-α and anti-inflammatory TGF-β in cultured CD4+ T lymphocytes, and increased the proportion of Th follicular and Treg cells and the activation of Th17 cells. In conclusion, plasma EVs could play an important role in the induction of immune changes observed in MHE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.