ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2022
The Burden of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure Related to Gynaecological Cancer in Malaysia.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Magnitude of catastrophic health expenditure and its determinants among cancer patients in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- The financial toxicity of cancer: unveiling global burden and risk factors - a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Assessment of Out-of-Pocket Expenditure of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Cancer Center and Private Clinics in the Philippines.Acta medica Philippina · 2026Article
- Exploring Out-of-Pocket Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients with Cancer and Diabetes in Malaysia.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Article
- The economic toll of cancer: catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment among lower-income households in Malaysia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Catastrophic Health Expenditure and its Associated Factors among Adult Cancer Patients in a Teaching Hospital in East Coast of Malaysia.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Challenges and opportunities to address the emerging burden of targeted therapies in ovarian cancer.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2025Review
- Community pharmacists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding counselling on vitamins and dietary supplements in Malaysia: A study on complementary medicines.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Identification of an oncological clinical pathway through questionnaires to health professionals.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) among Cancer Population in a Middle Income Country with Universal Healthcare Financing.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Article
- Article
- Challenges and Strategies for Improving Access to Cancer Drugs in Malaysia: Summary of Opinions Expressed at the 2nd MACR International Scientific Conference 2022.Cancer management and research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate the economic burden on gynaecological cancer patients and their households, in terms of out-of-pocket expenditure, catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and poverty impact. A cross-sectional study was conducted at an academic tertiary-care health centre in an upper-middle-income country. Data were obtained via structured interviews of 120 gynaecological cancer patients alongside review of medical charts. Mean (SD) and median (IQR) annual household out-of-pocket expenditures were USD 2780 (SD = USD 3926) and USD 1396 (IQR = 3013), respectively. Two thirds (n = 77/120, 64%) of households experienced CHE and 17% (n = 20/120) were impoverished due to out-of-pocket expenditure related to gynaecological cancer. Factors associated with CHE, explored using multivariate logistic regression analysis, estimated that the highest income quintile households, Q5, were 90% less likely to incur CHE compared to the lowest income quintile households, Q1 (adjusted odds ratio = 0.100; p-value < 0.05) and that patients who were not receiving chemotherapy were 88% less likely to incur CHE compared to those receiving chemotherapy (adjusted odds ratio = 0.120; p-value < 0.05). These results indicate the necessity to broaden the coverage of existing financial assistance for patients from low- and middle-income households, such as extending coverage to adult patients of all ages and to those treated in all public hospitals, including academic health centres.
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