ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Alterations of Plasma Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Children with Refractory Epilepsies.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Anti-seizure and Antiepileptic Effects and Mechanisms of Piperine.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Predictive and Diagnostic Uses of Neuroinflammation Biomarkers for Epileptogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Anti-seizure Effects and Mechanisms of Berberine: A Systematic Review.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Pooled it
- Exploring the role of PD-1 as a marker in drug-refractory epilepsy and its potential indication for valproic acid treatment.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Serum metabolomics identifies ganglioside dysregulation and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-related metabolic disturbances in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Molecular Insights of Drug Resistance in Epilepsy: Multi-omics Unveil.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Baicalin: Mitigating Anxiety and Depression in Epileptic Rats.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2025Article
- Research progress on the role of inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.Ibrain · 2025Review
- Assessment of the relationship between generalized convulsive epilepsy and systemic inflammatory regulators: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Effect of quercetin against pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in mice.Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Paediatric epilepsy is a multifaceted neurological disorder with various aetiologies. Up to 30% of patients are considered drug-resistant. The background impact of interfering inflammatory and neuronal pathways has been closely linked to paediatric epilepsy. The characteristics of the inflamed state have been described not only in epilepsies, which are considered prototypes of an inflammatory pathophysiology, but also in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, especially in epileptic encephalopathies. The imbalance of different cytokine levels was confirmed in several epileptic models. Chemokines are new targets for exploring neuroimmune communication in epileptogenesis, which control leukocyte migration and have a possible role in neuromodulation. Additionally, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important effector molecule for central neural inflammatory responses and may influence drug responsiveness. We measured the serum interictal quantitative levels of chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, CCL11) and PGE2 in correlation with the seizure frequency and severity in controlled and intractable childhood epilepsies. Our refractory seizure group demonstrated significantly increased concentrations of eotaxin (CCL11) compared to the controlled epilepsy group. The higher level of CCL11 was correlated with an increased seizure frequency, while the PGE2 levels were associated with the severity of seizure and epilepsy, supporting the findings that proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to epileptogenesis and possibly have a role in developing seizure resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.