ReviewCells2022
Immunological Insights into Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiovascular Disease Risk.
Review in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of cigarette smoking on cardio-inflammatory biomarkers among healthy individuals or cardiopulmonary disorder patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2026Review
- Differential antimicrobial activity of two LL37 derivatives against periodontal bacteria, including enhanced efficacy againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Link Between High-Density Lipoprotein-Related Inflammatory Indices and Gallstone Disease in U.S. Adults.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Patterns of multimorbidity among low-income adults who smoke with implications for tailored interventions: a cluster analysis using a Mixture of Bernoulli model.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The Convergent Immunopathogenesis of Cigarette Smoke Exposure: From Oxidative Stress to Epigenetic Reprogramming in Chronic Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals cross-species conserved core genes and pathways in alveolar macrophages during ALI/ARDS.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Disease Meets Cancer: Exploring the Epidemiology in China and Homotherapy Targeting Intersectional Mechanisms.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Smoking, Colchicine and Postoperative Outcomes in Thoracic Surgery: Post Hoc Analysis of the COP-AF Randomized Controlled Trial.CJC open · 2025Article
- Smoking cessation and exercise: perspectives from smokers with and without mental health problems.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Juniper Essential Oils in Reducing Selected Cigarette Smoke Toxicants, Improving Oxidative Parameters, and Cytotoxicity Against Lung Adenocarcinoma.Biochemistry research international · 2025Article
- Smoking and Health Profiles of Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19: An Exploratory Study of Key Physiological Markers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Tobacco smoke condensate-induced senescence in endothelial cells was ameliorated by colchicine treatment via suppression of NF-κB and MAPKs P38 and ERK pathways activation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Nicotine promotes development of bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis by increasing expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rats.Clinical and experimental hepatology · 2024Article
- The role of exercise in restoring executive function: a comparison of tobacco-exposed college athletes and sedentary students.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Electronic Cigarette Harms: Aggregate Evidence Shows Damage to Biological Systems.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Cigarette Smoke-Induced Respiratory Response: Insights into Cellular Processes and Biomarkers.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Appraisal and characterization of candida load isolated from the oral cavity of smokers.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking is one of the most prominent addictions of the modern world, and one of the leading preventable causes of death worldwide. Although the number of tobacco smokers is believed to be at a historic low, electronic cigarette use has been on a dramatic rise over the past decades. Used as a replacement for cigarette smoking, electronic cigarettes were thought to reduce the negative effects of burning tobacco. Nonetheless, the delivery of nicotine by electronic cigarettes, the most prominent component of cigarette smoke (CS) is still delivering the same negative outcomes, albeit to a lesser extent than CS. Smoking has been shown to affect both the structural and functional aspects of major organs, including the lungs and vasculature. Although the deleterious effects of smoking on these organs individually is well-known, it is likely that the adverse effects of smoking on these organs will have long-lasting effects on the cardiovascular system. In addition, smoking has been shown to play an independent role in the homeostasis of the immune system, leading to major sequela. Both the adaptive and the innate immune system have been explored regarding CS and have been demonstrated to be altered in a way that promotes inflammatory signals, leading to an increase in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Although the mechanism of action of CS has not been fully understood, disease pathways have been explored in both branches of the immune system. The pathophysiologically altered immune system during smoking and its correlation with cardiovascular diseases is not fully understood. Here we highlight some of the important pathological mechanisms that involve cigarette smoking and its many components on cardiovascular disease and the immune systems in order to have a better understanding of the mechanisms at play.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.