ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Ginsenoside CK Inhibits the Early Stage of Adipogenesis via the AMPK, MAPK, and AKT Signaling Pathways.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of PPARγ and CPT1A Mediates the Hepatoprotective Effect of Ginsenoside CK against NAFLD in Rats.Biological procedures online · 2026Article
- Anti-Adipogenic Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting FABP4 in Adipogenesis and Obesity: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Nitric oxide-releasing nanocarriers integrated with ginsenoside compound K in dissolvable microneedles for androgenetic alopecia.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Periodontitis: A Potential Therapeutic Target.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- 3D-Bioprinting of Stromal Vascular Fraction for Gastrointestinal Regeneration.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Natural small molecules regulating the mitophagy pathway counteract the pathogenesis of diabetes and chronic complications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Experimental Validation of Antiobesogenic and Osteoprotective Efficacy of Ginsenoside CK via Targeting Lipid and Atherosclerosis Pathways.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Aurantio‑obtusin regulates lipogenesis and ferroptosis of liver cancer cells through inhibiting SCD1 and sensitizing RSL3.International journal of oncology · 2024Article
- Targeting lipid droplets and lipid droplet-associated proteins: a new perspective on natural compounds against metabolic diseases.Chinese medicine · 2024Review
- Single-cell sequencing of facial adipose tissue unveils FKBP5 as a therapeutic target for facial infiltrating lipomatosis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- UHPLC-HRMS based saponins profiling of three morphological regions in American ginseng (Food science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Bioconversion, Pharmacokinetics, and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Compound K and Its Analogues for Treating Metabolic Diseases.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 and AMPK by Ginsenoside compound K impedes the conversion from plasma cells to mitigate for podocyte injury in MRL/Journal of ginseng research · 2024Article
- Ginseng and ginsenosides on cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases; Pharmacological potentials for the coronavirus (COVID-19).Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Cinnamyl Alcohol Attenuates Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells by Arresting the Cell Cycle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Ginsenosides: an immunomodulator for the treatment of colorectal cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The anti-obesity properties ofJournal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2023Article
- Standardized Ethanol Extract ofNutrients · 2023Article
- The role of gut microbiota in the occurrence and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Obesity is considered a health hazard in part due to the associated multiple diseases. As rates of obesity continue to increase, a new strategy for its prevention and treatment is required. Compound-K, an active ingredient in ginseng, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Although ginseng has used as various therapeutics, its potential ability to alleviate metabolic diseases by regulating adipocyte differentiation is still unknown. In this study, we found that CK treatment significantly inhibited lipid droplet and adipogenesis by downregulating the mRNA expression of C/ebpα, Ppar-γ, Fabp4, Srebp1, and adiponectin as well as protein levels of C/EBPα, PPAR-γ, and FABP4. CK also decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while it increased endogeneous antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) 3 and SOD2. We observed that CK treatment suppressed the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and cyclin B1 during the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) of adipocyte differentiation, and it arrested adipocytes at the G2/M stage due to the increased expression of p21 and p27. CK decreased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 and protein kinase B (AKT) in early-stage adipogenesis. In addition, the inhibition of adipogenesis by CK significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Interestingly, AMPK pharmacological inhibition with Dorsomorphin limited the effect of CK on suppressing PPAR-γ expression in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Our results suggest that CK exerts anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 cells through the activation of AMPK and inhibition of ERK/p38 and AKT signaling pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.