ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Determinants of the Empiric Use of Antibiotics by General Practitioners in South Africa: Observational, Analytic, Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic Prescribing in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients Before Implementation of a Syndromic Antibiogram at Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antimicrobial resistance and stewardship among pediatric health professionals in Maputo, Mozambique.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Development of AWaRe-Based Quality Indicators to Assess the Appropriateness of Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Healthcare in South Africa.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Psychometric Validation of the Community Antimicrobial Use Scale (CAMUS) in Primary Healthcare and the Implications for Future Use.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic use in South African communities: findings from the CAMUS survey.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Assessment of Antimicrobial Stewardship practices using process measures in a Nigerian tertiary hospital: a retrospective study.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2026Article
- The microbiome in mind: Reflections on antibiotic prescription in primary care.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors for Purchasing Antibiotics Without a Prescription Among Patients in Rural South Africa: Implications for Addressing Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Barriers to Compliance with National Guidelines Among Children Hospitalized with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Vietnam and the Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance surveillance data sources in primary care setting: a scoping review.Family practice · 2025Article
- Behavioral and Socio-Economic Determinants of Antimicrobial Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Identifying AWaRe indicators for appropriate antibiotic use: a narrative review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2024Review
- Evaluation of prescriptions from tertiary care hospitals across India for deviations from treatment guidelines & their potential consequences.The Indian journal of medical research · 2024Observational
- Knowledge and Perceptions of Final-Year Nursing Students Regarding Antimicrobials, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Stewardship in South Africa: Findings and Implications to Reduce Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Narrative Review of Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Primary Care Settings in South Africa and Potential Ways Forward to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Professionals towards Antimicrobial Stewardship in Ghana: Findings and Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy among Healthcare Workers in Lusaka, Zambia; Findings and Implications for the Future.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Levels and determinants of overprescribing of antibiotics in the public and private primary care sectors in South Africa.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Antibiotic Susceptibility Surveillance in the Punjab Province of Pakistan: Findings and Implications.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Observational
- Perceptions of and Practical Experience with the National Surveillance Centre in Managing Medicines Availability Amongst Users within Public Healthcare Facilities in South Africa: Findings and Implications.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics is the main driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, there has been limited surveillance data on AMR and antibiotic prescribing at a primary healthcare level in South Africa. An observational, analytic, cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess key factors associated with empiric antibiotic prescribing among private sector general practitioners (GPs) in the eThekwini district in South Africa, particularly for patients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). A semi-structured web-based questionnaire was used between November 2020−March 2021. One hundred and sixteen (55.5%) responding GPs prescribed antibiotics empirically for patients with ARIs more than 70% of the time, primarily for symptom relief and the prevention of complications. GPs between the ages of 35−44 years (OR: 3.38; 95%CI: 1.15−9.88), >55 years (OR: 4.75; 95% CI 1.08−21) and in practice < 15 years (OR: 2.20; 95%CI: 1.08−4.51) were significantly more likely to prescribe antibiotics empirically. Three factors—workload/time pressures; diagnostic uncertainty, and the use of a formulary, were significantly associated with empiric prescribing. GPs with more experience and working alone were slightly less likely to prescribe antibiotics empirically. These findings indicate that a combination of environmental factors are important underlying contributors to the development of AMR. As a result, guide appropriate interventions using a health system approach, which includes pertinent prescribing indicators and targets.
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