ArticleBiomedicines2022
The Effect of Citicoline on the Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and Ki-67, and on the Thickness of Scleral Tissue of Rat Myopia Model.
Article in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mechanistic study of injectable hydrogel loaded with BMSC-exosomes in regulating the TGF-β/MMP axis to inhibit experimental myopia model.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- High-Color-Temperature Lighting Is Associated With Activation of MAPK/ERK-nNOS Signaling and MMP-2-Related Pathways in Ocular Tissues.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Anatomical effects of ablation of the anterior retina in small animal eyes.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The key mechanisms and intervention strategies of cell-type-specific mitochondrial metabolism in ophthalmic diseases.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Myopia development: multifactorial interplay, molecular mechanisms and possible strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Nutritional Factors: Benefits in Glaucoma and Ophthalmologic Pathologies.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Altered whole-brain gray matter volume in form-deprivation myopia rats based on voxel-based morphometry: A pilot study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Citicoline, presumed to be involved in the dopaminergic pathway, might play a role as a candidate agent in controlling myopia. However, its study with respect to myopia is limited. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of citicoline on the expression of MMP-2, TGF-β1, and Ki-67, and on the thickness of scleral tissue of a rat myopia model. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of MMP-2, TGF-β1, and Ki-67 as the markers for fibroblast proliferation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate scleral thickness. An electronic digital caliper was used to evaluate the axial length. The treatment group administered with 200 mg/kg BW/day had the lowest mean MMP-2 expression, axial elongation, and fibroblast proliferation, but it had the highest mean scleral thickness. The treatment group administered with 300 mg/kg BW/day had the highest mean TGF-β1 expression. Citicoline is able to decrease MMP-2 expression and fibroblast proliferation and increase TGF-β1 expression and scleral tissue thickness significantly in the scleral tissue of rat models for myopia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.