ReviewBiomedicines2022
A Review of Compartmentalised Inflammation and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in the Pathophysiology of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Early Combined B-Cell Depletion and BTK Inhibition Reduced TLS-like Structures and Relapse in PLPInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review on Prevention and the Concept of an Infection-Driven Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Meningeal and infiltrating T-cells are associated with repetitive head trauma and tau-mediated neurodegeneration in chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- The biological characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures in head and neck cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The emerging role of B cells in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Barrier-Immune Gating Failure in Gut-Brain Neuroinflammation: A Working Hypothesis and Conceptual Framework.Behavioural neurology · 2026Review
- Demyelinated lesion associated compartmental inflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis brains.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Dural ectopic lymphatic structures accumulate during aging and exhibit dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective strategies in multiple sclerosis: a status update and emerging paradigms.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Derived MicroRNAs as a Biomarker for Therapeutic Response in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- Advances in Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Intrathecal Immunoglobulin A Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis: From Biological Aspects to Clinical Relevance.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Central Nervous System Disorders.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- High efficacy therapy to prevent the formation of meningeal tertiary lymphoid organs after CXCL13 index screening in early multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Imaging Outcomes for Phase 2 Trials Targeting Compartmentalized Inflammation.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Review
- CXCL13 as a Biomarker: Background and Utility in Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Review
- The role of dendritic cells in tertiary lymphoid structures: implications in cancer and autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Proteomic interrogation of the meninges reveals the molecular identities of structural components and regional distinctions along the CNS axis.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The most common form of MS is a relapsing-remitting disease characterised by acute episodes of demyelination associated with the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the relapsing-remitting phase there is often relative recovery (remission) from relapses characterised clinically by complete or partial resolution of neurological symptoms. In the later and progressive stages of the disease process, accrual of neurological disability occurs in a pathological process independent of acute episodes of demyelination and is accompanied by a trapped or compartmentalised inflammatory response, most notable in the connective tissue spaces of the vasculature and leptomeninges occurring behind an intact BBB. This review focuses on compartmentalised inflammation in MS and in particular, what we know about meningeal tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS; also called B cell follicles) which are organised clusters of immune cells, associated with more severe and progressive forms of MS. Meningeal inflammation and TLS could represent an important fluid or imaging marker of disease activity, whose therapeutic abrogation might be necessary to stop the most severe outcomes of disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.