ReviewBiomedicines2022
COVID-19, Endothelium and the Cardiometabolic Patient: A Possible Role for Capillary Leak Syndrome.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio predicts intensive care admission and disease severity in autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Prognostic nutritional index, Naples prognostic score and Osaka prognostic score as predictors of acute respiratory distress syndrome in non-diabetes mellitus patients with sepsis: a loss of predictive efficacy of NPS and OPS in diabetes mellitus cohorts.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Lactate-to-albumin ratio as an independent predictor of mortality in critically ill patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a retrospective cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- The systemic capillary leak syndrome following COVID-19 vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Vascular endothelial growth factor A: friend or foe in the pathogenesis of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infections?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Serum Albumin as Prognostic Marker for Older Adults in Hospital and Community Settings.Gerontology & geriatric medicineReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Capillary leak syndrome is an under-diagnosed condition leading to serious hypoalbuminemia with diffuse edema, pulmonary edema, severe hypotension, and possibly death. Sepsis leading to hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a major risk factor; however, capillary hyper-permeability is the core underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Endothelial dysfunction plays a major role in cardiometabolic disease through insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, and, eventually, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. We review the literature concerning the aforementioned mechanisms as well-established risk factors for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. We especially focus on data regarding the underlying endothelial effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including direct damage and increased vascular leakage through a hyper-inflammatory cascade and diminished nitric oxide bioavailability. Interestingly, an increased incidence of hypoalbuminemia has been observed in patients with severe COVID-19, especially those with underlying cardiometabolic disease. Importantly, low albumin levels present a strong, positive association with poor disease outcomes. Therefore, in this review article, we highlight the important role of cardiovascular risk factors on endothelium integrity and the possible link of endothelial damage in the hypoalbuminemia-associated adverse prognosis of COVID-19 patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.