ReviewBiomedicines2022
Electric Fields Induced in the Brain by Transcranial Electric Stimulation: A Review of In Vivo Recordings.
Review in Biomedicines, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The modulation of steady-state responses by transcranial alternating current stimulation: a scoping review.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Intensive Rehabilitation With Adjunctive Bilateral Anodal tDCS in Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.European journal of neurology · 2026Trial
- Sex Does Matter! The Influence of Sex on Outcomes of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS).Cells · 2026Review
- [Finite-element simulation and experimental investigation of nanosecond transcranial pulsed electric field propagation and distribution in a three-dimensional brain model].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Article
- Pushing athletic performance boundaries with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation: an exploratory, pilot, randomized controlled study on strength and inflammation in elite weightlifters.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Non-vectorial integration of intersectional short-pulse stimulation enables enhanced deep brain modulation and effective seizure control.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines (2017-2025: An update) - endorsed by the European Society for Brain Stimulation (ESBS) and by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN).Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Demonstration of Alpha-Band Entrainment via Low-Field Magnetic Stimulation: A Simulation-Driven Proof of Concept.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation in Psychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms, Models, and Missing Links.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Electrophysiological Response of the Non-Anesthetized Primate Brain to Minimally Invasive Local Infrared Neural Stimulation in Chronic Experiments.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Alzheimer-related individual factors modulate effects of transcranial direct current stimulation strength on white matter integrity in mild cognitive impairment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates primate brain dynamics across states of consciousness.eLife · 2025Article
- Non-synaptic interictal epileptiform discharges propagating from CA3 to CA1 induce synaptic depression in the hippocampus.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Will adaptive deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease become a real option soon? A Delphi consensus study.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- The "Cocombola Study": A Physical Phantom Model for tDCS-Induced Electric Field Distribution.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Direct current stimulation modulates prefrontal cell activity and behaviour without inducing seizure-like firing.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Electric Field Characteristics of Rotating Permanent Magnet Stimulation.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Insights from a model based study on optimizing non invasive brain electrical stimulation for Parkinson's disease.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Modeling Electric Fields in Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation: A Clinical Perspective.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Animal Models of Neurological Disorders: Where Are We Now?Biomedicines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques, such as direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), cause neurophysiological and behavioral modifications as responses to the electric field are induced in the brain. Estimations of such electric fields are based mainly on computational studies, and in vivo measurements have been used to expand the current knowledge. Here, we review the current tDCS- and tACS-induced electric fields estimations as they are recorded in humans and non-human primates using intracerebral electrodes. Direct currents and alternating currents were applied with heterogeneous protocols, and the recording procedures were characterized by a tentative methodology. However, for the clinical stimulation protocols, an injected current seems to reach the brain, even at deep structures. The stimulation parameters (e.g., intensity, frequency and phase), the electrodes' positions and personal anatomy determine whether the intensities might be high enough to affect both neuronal and non-neuronal cell activity, also deep brain structures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.