ReviewNature2022
The missing risks of climate change.
Review in Nature, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 248 citations in OpenAlex.
- Climate change effects on ecosystem services: Disentangling drivers of mixed responses.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Mapping the Burden of Ischemic Stroke Attributable to Temperature Variation under Climate Change Scenarios Accounting for Long-Term Adaptation.Environmental health perspectives · 2026Article
- Mapping research priorities related to maternal and infant nutritional health in the context of climate change in Pakistan: a mixed-methods study.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- A city-year dataset of residual-based tail physical climate risk for Chinese cities, 1973 to 2024.Data in brief · 2026Article
- Optimized functional zoning based on land use carbon emissions and carbon balance: a case study in Shaanxi Province, China.Carbon balance and management · 2026Article
- Association between compound PMArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Association Between Extreme Climate Exposures and Bodily Pain: Evidence from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Extreme temperature events and frailty progression in middle-aged and older adults: the longitudinal evidence from CHARLS.BMC public health · 2026Article
- COApplied microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Valuing wildfire smoke-related mortality benefits from climate mitigation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- From adaptation to overload: how climate risks affect public health?-evidence from China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Heatwave Exposure Accelerates Biological Aging via Metabolic Dysregulation.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- How are African livestock farmers responding to climate variability and change? A systematic review.Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2026Review
- How climate change shapes global systemic risk transmission: A complex network approach.PloS one · 2026Article
- Inferring fine-grained migration patterns across the United States.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Stochastic responses and marginal valuation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- The role of environmental awareness, renewable energy, and green innovation in shaping climate change perceptions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of Extreme Climatic Events on Evolutionary Processes.Global change biology · 2025Review
- Coevolutionary Patterns in SOS1 and NHX1: Insights into Plant Ion Homeostasis Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The risks of climate change are enormous, threatening the lives and livelihoods of millions to billions of people. The economic consequences of many of the complex risks associated with climate change cannot, however, currently be quantified. Here we argue that these unquantified, poorly understood and often deeply uncertain risks can and should be included in economic evaluations and decision-making processes. We present an overview of these unquantified risks and an ontology of them founded on the reasons behind their lack of robust evaluation. These consist of risks missing owing to delays in sharing knowledge and expertise across disciplines, spatial and temporal variations of climate impacts, feedbacks and interactions between risks, deep uncertainty in our knowledge, and currently unidentified risks. We highlight collaboration needs within and between the natural and social science communities to address these gaps. We also provide an approach for integrating assessments or speculations of these risks in a way that accounts for interdependencies, avoids double counting and makes assumptions clear. Multiple paths exist for engaging with these missing risks, with both model-based quantification and non-model-based qualitative assessments playing crucial roles. A wide range of climate impacts are understudied or challenging to quantify, and are missing from current evaluations of the climate risks to lives and livelihoods. Strong interdisciplinary collaboration and deeper engagement with uncertainty is needed to properly inform policymakers and the public about climate risks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.