SynthesisIntensive care medicine2022
ESPNIC clinical practice guidelines: intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in acute and critically ill children- a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Intensive care medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Efficient PICU Fluid Care Evaluation
Relationship of Nutritional Support for Critically Ill Children With Clinical Outcomes in a Pediatric Hospital in Bolivia in 2025 (NutPeBol)
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- COSMIC: a core outcome set for intravenous maintenance fluid therapy trials in children.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Pooled it
- Association between fluid overload and mortality in children with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2023Pooled it
- REstrictive versus StandarD FlUid Management in Mechanically Ventilated ChildrEn Admitted to PICU: a pilot randomized controlled trial (REDUCE-1).Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies · 2026Trial
- Impact of protocolized restrictive versus liberal/usual maintenance fluid strategy on fluid overload among mechanically ventilated children: an open-label randomized trial (ReLiSCh-II trial).European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Effect of normal saline and half saline preservation serums on sodium levels, blood pressure, and acidosis in PICU patients.Medicine · 2026Trial
- Association between early fluid overload and clinical outcomes in a pediatric ICU.Pediatric research · 2026Observational
- Acute severe hypernatremia complicated by osmotic demyelination syndrome in a 13-day-old infant.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Guidelines for the management of emergencies and critical illness in pediatric and adult patients with sickle cell disease.Annals of intensive care · 2025Review
- Association between postoperative feeding patterns and gastrointestinal function reconstruction after congenital intestinal atresia in neonates.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Article
- Pediatric fluid resuscitation: an oxymoron?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- The Resuscitation, Equilibrium and De-escalation (RED) strategy: a phased, personalized hemodynamic support in children with sepsis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- A Review on In Vivo Research Dehydration Models and Application of Rehydration Strategies.Nutrients · 2024Review
- How to follow the guidelines, when the appropriate fluid is missing?European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- The efficacy and safety of isotonic and hypotonic fluids in intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in term newborns: national multicenter observational "neofluid" study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Pediatric perioperative fluid management.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Correction: ESPNIC clinical practice guidelines: intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in acute and critically ill children- a systematic review and meta-analysis.Intensive care medicine · 2023Article
- A brief history of crystalloids: the origin of the controversy.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- The Prevalence and Indications of Intravenous Rehydration Therapy in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Maintenance Fluids for Late Preterm and Term Infants: Is it Time to Reconsider?Pediatrics open scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
34 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIntravenous maintenance fluid therapy (IV-MFT) prescribing in acute and critically ill children is very variable among pediatric health care professionals. In order to provide up to date IV-MFT guidelines, the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care (ESPNIC) undertook a systematic review to answer the following five main questions about IV-MFT: (i) the indications for use (ii) the role of isotonic fluid (iii) the role of balanced solutions (iv) IV fluid composition (calcium, magnesium, potassium, glucose and micronutrients) and v) and the optimal amount of fluid.
methodsA multidisciplinary expert group within ESPNIC conducted this systematic review using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) grading method. Five databases were searched for studies that answered these questions, in acute and critically children (from 37 weeks gestational age to 18 years), published until November 2020. The quality of evidence and risk of bias were assessed, and meta-analyses were undertaken when appropriate. A series of recommendations was derived and voted on by the expert group to achieve consensus through two voting rounds.
results56 papers met the inclusion criteria, and 16 recommendations were produced. Outcome reporting was inconsistent among studies. Recommendations generated were based on a heterogeneous level of evidence, but consensus within the expert group was high. "Strong consensus" was reached for 11/16 (69%) and "consensus" for 5/16 (31%) of the recommendations.
conclusionsKey recommendations are to use isotonic balanced solutions providing glucose to restrict IV-MFT infusion volumes in most hospitalized children and to regularly monitor plasma electrolyte levels, serum glucose and fluid balance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.