ArticlePerspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science2023
Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment.
Article in Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06330844 (Race Based Stress and Empowerment Focused Compensatory Cognitive Training for Mild Cognitive Impairment), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Race Based Stress and Empowerment Focused Compensatory Cognitive Training for Mild Cognitive Impairment
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autism interventions designed or adapted for the Black/African American population: A systematic review.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Bridges to treatment satisfaction: the roles of trauma, social support, race and ethnicity among perinatal women receiving behavioural activation therapy.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Stress grounded in experiences of racial discrimination: a cluster analysis among a racially diverse sample in Canada.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Racial discrimination, racial trauma, and complex post-traumatic stress disorder: the role of emotion dysregulation as a mediating factor in Black, African, and Afrodiasporic people in Germany.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Endocannabinoids Mediate Racial/Ethnic Discrimination Prediction of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Moderated by Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Black and African American Individuals.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Racism and alterations in brain structure and function: A narrative review of emerging neuroimaging evidence in racialized individuals.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- What It Takes in Contexts of Chronic Traumas: Designing Place-Based Programs for Social Capital, Community Resilience, and Economic Mobility.Journal of community psychology · 2026Article
- Building Trust and Connection: A Family Systems Perspective on Black Veteran Reintegration.Journal of marital and family therapy · 2026Article
- Co-occurring daily minority stressors and dissociation among trauma-exposed sexual minority women, transgender, and nonbinary people.Journal of traumatic stress · 2026Article
- Addressing Race-Based Trauma for Black Veterans Engaged in PTSD Evidence-Based Psychotherapy.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Using the Educator-Student Relationship in Mental Health Education to Teach Relational Processes.Family process · 2026Article
- Antiracist mental healthcare training and development of multicultural awareness, knowledge and skills among school mental health providers in Canada.Transcultural psychiatry · 2026Article
- Racial Discrimination-Related Interoceptive Network Disruptions: A Pathway to Disconnection.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Racism and mental health within humanitarian and development organisations: perspectives from in-house mental health professionals.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The Critical Role of Race-Conscious Framework in Advancing Mental Health Workforce Diversity: A Case Study.Race and social problems · 2026Article
- Article
- Racial trauma and its health impacts in Black people in the United States and Canada: a scoping review on conceptualizations, definitions and manifestations.BMC public health · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Mistrust, Racial Discrimination, and Conspiracy Beliefs Among Parents in Canada: Implications for Public Health.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Structural Determinants of School Discipline: Examining State-Level Racial Bias and Neighborhood Opportunity.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Utilizing the Complex Racial Trauma Framework to Understand Trauma Symptoms in Racially Minoritized Youth.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Racial trauma refers to experiences related to threats, prejudices, harm, shame, humiliation, and guilt associated with various types of racial discrimination, either for direct victims or witnesses. In North American, European, and colonial zeitgeist societies, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) experience racial microaggressions and interpersonal, institutional, and systemic racism on a repetitive, constant, inevitable, and cumulative basis. Although complex trauma differs from racial trauma in its origin, the consistency of racist victimization beyond childhood, and the internalized racism associated with it, strong similarities exist. Similar to complex trauma, racial trauma surrounds the victims' life course and engenders consequences on their physical and mental health, behavior, cognition, relationships with others, self-concept, and social and economic life. There is no way to identify racial trauma other than through a life-course approach that captures the complex nature of individual, collective, historical, and intergenerational experiences of racism experienced by BIPOC communities in Western society. This article presents evidence for complex racial trauma (CoRT), a theoretical framework of CoRT, and guidelines for its assessment and treatment. Avenues for future research, intervention, and training are also presented.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.