ReviewWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2023
Fever without a source in children: international comparison of guidelines.
Review in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Isolation ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Performance of a host-protein score (MeMed BV score) for detecting bacterial infections in young children.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- A 13-year cohort study using clinical machine learning to differentiate bacterial and viral infections in young infants in a dengue hyperendemic region.Journal of tropical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Fever without source in infants aged 22-60 days: how laboratory tests perform at identifying bacterial infections and predicting the need for a lumbar puncture?World journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Development of a host-signature-based machine learning model to diagnose bacterial and viral infections in febrile children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prospective multicenter evaluation of adherence to the Dutch guideline for children aged 0-16 years with fever without a source-febrile illness in children (FINCH) study.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Observational
- Droplet digital PCR aids in the diagnosis of children with fever of unknown origin --A typical case report.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Clinical Spectrum and Epidemiology of Human Parechovirus Infections in Infants: A Retrospective Study in the Western Part of Sweden.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Exploring Acute Febrile Illness in Children: Clinical Characteristics and Diagnostic Challenges.Cureus · 2024Article
- Protocol for the diagnostic performance of C reactive protein, procalcitonin and interleukin-6 for serious bacterial infections among children ≤36 months old presenting with fever without source: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Knowledge mapping of paediatric fever-a visual analysis based on CiteSpace.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Point-of-care ultrasound in early diagnosis and monitoring of deep abscess in newborns: a case report of two cases.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Update on Fever of Unknown Origin in Children: Focus on Etiologies and Clinical Approach.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Aetiology of Acute Undifferentiated Fever Among Children Under the Age of Five in Vietnam: A Prospective Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFever without a source (FWS) in children poses a diagnostic challenge. To distinguish a self-limiting infection from a serious infection, multiple guidelines have been developed to aid physicians in the management of FWS. Currently, there is no comparison of existing FWS guidelines.
methodsThis comparative review describes consistencies and differences in guideline definitions and diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. A literature search was performed to include secondary care FWS guidelines of high-income countries, composed by national or regional pediatric or emergency care associations, available in English or Dutch.
resultsTen guidelines of five high-income countries were included, with varying age ranges of children with FWS. In children younger than one month with FWS, the majority of the guidelines recommended laboratory testing, blood and urine culturing and antibiotic treatment irrespective of the clinical condition of the patient. Recommendations for blood culture and antibiotic treatment varied for children aged 1-3 months. In children aged above three months, urine culture recommendations were inconsistent, while all guidelines consistently recommended cerebral spinal fluid testing and antibiotic treatment exclusively for children with a high risk of serious infection.
conclusionsWe found these guidelines broadly consistent, especially for children with FWS younger than one month. Guideline variation was seen most in the targeted age ranges and in recommendations for children aged 1-3 months and above three months of age. The findings of the current study can assist in harmonizing guideline development and future research for the management of children with FWS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.