ArticleLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver2023
High prevalence of lower limb atherosclerosis is linked with the gut-liver axis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis.
Article in Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- From liver to limb: Exploring the association between fatty liver disease and peripheral artery disease-A systematic review.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025Pooled it
- Circulating cytokines mediate the risk of COPD: A mediation analysis based on 473 gut microbiota and 91 circulating cytokines.Medicine · 2026Article
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin DFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Effect of different fermentation substrates on rumen microorganisms and microbe-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs).Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Dietary therapy of murine primary biliary cholangitis induces hepatocellular steatosis: A cautionary tale.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2024Article
- The Association between Fatty Liver Index and Lower Limb Arterial Calcification in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- A prospective pilot study of gut microbiome in cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Bile Acids and Bilirubin Role in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota, circulating cytokines and dementia: a Mendelian randomization study.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Comparative Analysis of Rumen Microbiota Composition in Dairy Cows with Simple Indigestion and Healthy Cows.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence on the Metabolic and Inflammatory Background of a Complex Relationship.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- High prevalence of lower limb atherosclerosis is linked with the gut-liver axis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2023Article
- Gut microbiota modulation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Effects of current treatments and future strategies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Low ADAMTS-13/VWF ratio and altered gut-liver axis predict complications of advanced chronic liver disease: a pilot study.Gastroenterology report · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsHypercholesterolemia is frequent in people with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC); however, it does not seem to confer an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in PBC women and its association with the gut-liver axis and systemic inflammation.
methodsThirty patients affected by PBC and hypercholesterolemia were enrolled, with equal-sized groups of women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and healthy controls (CTRL). All patients underwent Doppler ultrasound examination of peripheral arteries, assessment of flow-mediated dilation, quantification of circulating cytokines and vasoactive mediators and characterization of the gut microbiota.
resultsPBC patients had a higher prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) defined as atherosclerotic plaques in any of femoral, popliteal and/or tibial arteries compared with both NAFLD and CTRL women (83.3% vs. 53.3% and 50%, respectively; p = .01). Factors associated with LEAD at univariate analysis were VCAM-1 (p = .002), ICAM-1 (p = .003), and TNF-alpha (p = .04) serum levels, but only VCAM-1 (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.1; p = .04) and TNF-alpha (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.99-1.26; p = .04) were confirmed as independent predictors in the multivariate model. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that Acidaminococcus (FDR = 0.0008), Bifidobacterium (FDR = 0.001) and Oscillospira (FDR = 0.03) were differentially expressed among groups. Acidaminococcus, which was increased in PBC, was positively correlated with TNF-alpha serum levels. Down-regulation of metabolic pathways linked to fatty acid and butyrate metabolism, glyoxylate metabolism and branched-chain amino acids degradation was found in the functional gut metagenome of PBC women.
conclusionsLEAD is common in patients affected by PBC and is associated with inflammatory markers and alterations in the gut-liver axis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.