ArticleBioscience reports2022
Tryptophan metabolism and disposition in cancer biology and immunotherapy.
Article in Bioscience reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolism of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: what can omics tell us?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic insights.Genes & diseases · 2027Review
- The Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway as a Key Mediator of the Gut-Brain Axis in Depression and Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tryptophan metabolism in colorectal cancer: From mechanistic insights to novel therapeutic strategies.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- SLC7A5 promotes colorectal cancer liver metastasis by reprogramming tryptophan metabolism through the Kyn/XANA‒AhR axis and reshaping the immune microenvironment.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting metabolic reprogramming in HPV-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma: current advances, challenges, and clinical prospects.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Review
- Hierarchically Engineered Multi-Enzyme Nanoreactors for in vitro Drug Biosynthesis and Pathway Transplantation Into Cells.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Complement factor B deficiency promotes lung cancer progression via FOS-mediated tryptophan metabolism and immune suppression.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolic Alterations in Macrophage Subtypes Propel Immune and Stromal Remodeling in Neurofibroma's Malignant Progression.MedComm · 2026Article
- Culture Dimensionality Modulates Gallium Maltolate Response in Glioblastoma: Comparative Analyses in 2D and 3D Models.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Investigating tryptophan metabolism in colorectal cancer using Single-cell RNA sequencing based on machine learning techniques.PloS one · 2026Article
- Research on the Mechanism of "Cold Tumor" Formation and Immunotherapy for Its Transformation into "Hot Tumor".Oncology research · 2026Review
- Combine immune checkpoint indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 knockdown with ferroptosis inducer Erastin/RSL3 accelerates colorectal cancer cell ferroptosis.CytoJournal · 2026Article
- Molecular studies on the impact of microbiome on anticancer drug resistance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Characterization of the gastric mucosal microbiota in tumoral and peritumoral mucosa in patients with advanced gastric cancer from Northwest China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Depletion of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and tryptophan accumulation triggers p53-dependent apoptosis.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Total ginsenosides and ginsenoside Rb2 delay hepatocyte senescence by regulating NADJournal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- M2 macrophage-secreted KYNU promotes stemness remodeling and malignant behavior in endometrial cancer via the SOD2-mtROS-ERO1α-UPRJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Metabolomic signatures in liquid biopsy are associated with overall survival in metastatic melanoma patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Microbial dysbiosis with tryptophan metabolites alteration in lower respiratory tract is associated with clinical responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumours utilise tryptophan (Trp) and its metabolites to promote their growth and evade host defences. They recruit Trp through up-regulation of Trp transporters, and up-regulate key enzymes of Trp degradation and down-regulate others. Thus, Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2, N'-formylkynurenine formamidase (FAMID) and Kyn aminotransferase 1 (KAT1) are all up-regulated in many cancer types, whereas Kyn monooxygenase (KMO), kynureninase (KYNU), 2-amino-3-carboxymuconic acid-6-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) and quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) are up-regulated in a few, but down-regulated in many, cancers. This results in accumulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand kynurenic acid and in depriving the host of NAD+ by blocking its synthesis from quinolinic acid. The host loses more NAD+ by up-regulation of the NAD+-consuming poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and the protein acetylaters SIRTs. The nicotinamide arising from PARP and SIRT activation can be recycled in tumours to NAD+ by the up-regulated key enzymes of the salvage pathway. Up-regulation of the Trp transporters SLC1A5 and SLC7A5 is associated mostly with that of TDO2 = FAMID > KAT1 > IDO2 > IDO1. Tumours down-regulate enzymes of serotonin synthesis, thereby removing competition for Trp from the serotonin pathway. Strategies for combating tumoral immune escape could involve inhibition of Trp transport into tumours, inhibition of TDO and IDOs, inhibition of FAMID, inhibition of KAT and KYNU, inhibition of NMPRT and NMNAT, inhibition of the AhR, IL-4I1, PARPs and SIRTs, and by decreasing plasma free Trp availability to tumours by albumin infusion or antilipolytic agents and inhibition of glucocorticoid induction of TDO by glucocorticoid antagonism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.