Evidence map›Paper›PMID 36286278›Full record

ArticleJournal of cardiovascular development and disease2022

Attention-Based UNet Deep Learning Model for Plaque Segmentation in Carotid Ultrasound for Stroke Risk Stratification: An Artificial Intelligence Paradigm.

Pankaj K Jain, Abhishek Dubey, Luca Saba, Narender N Khanna, John R Laird, Andrew Nicolaides, Mostafa M Fouda, Jasjit S Suri, Neeraj Sharma

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
8.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. MHAHF-UNet: a multi-scale hybrid attention hierarchy fusion network for carotid artery segmentation.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Pankaj K JainSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.ORCID 0000-0002-4600-8513
Abhishek DubeySchool of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
Luca SabaDepartment of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), 09100 Cagliari, Italy.
Narender N KhannaDepartment of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospital, New Delhi 110076, India.
John R LairdHeart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Heath St. Helena, St. Helena, CA 94574, USA.
Andrew NicolaidesVascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre and University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2409, Cyprus.
Mostafa M FoudaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1790-8640
Jasjit S SuriStroke Diagnostic and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA.
Neeraj SharmaDepartment of Electronics and Communication, Shree Mata Vaishno Devi University, Jammu 182301, India.
Indian Institute of Technology BHU · INAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari · ITIdaho State University · USIndraprastha Apollo Hospitals · INShri Mata Vaishno Devi University · INSt. Helena Hospital · USUniversity of Nicosia · CY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stroke and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) significantly affect the world population. The early detection of such events may prevent the burden of death and costly surgery. Conventional methods are neither automated nor clinically accurate. Artificial Intelligence-based methods of automatically detecting and predicting the severity of CVD and stroke in their early stages are of prime importance. This study proposes an attention-channel-based UNet deep learning (DL) model that identifies the carotid plaques in the internal carotid artery (ICA) and common carotid artery (CCA) images. Our experiments consist of 970 ICA images from the UK, 379 CCA images from diabetic Japanese patients, and 300 CCA images from post-menopausal women from Hong Kong. We combined both CCA images to form an integrated database of 679 images. A rotation transformation technique was applied to 679 CCA images, doubling the database for the experiments. The cross-validation K5 (80% training: 20% testing) protocol was applied for accuracy determination. The results of the Attention-UNet model are benchmarked against UNet, UNet++, and UNet3P models. Visual plaque segmentation showed improvement in the Attention-UNet results compared to the other three models. The correlation coefficient (CC) value for Attention-UNet is 0.96, compared to 0.93, 0.96, and 0.92 for UNet, UNet++, and UNet3P models. Similarly, the AUC value for Attention-UNet is 0.97, compared to 0.964, 0.966, and 0.965 for other models. Conclusively, the Attention-UNet model is beneficial in segmenting very bright and fuzzy plaque images that are hard to diagnose using other methods. Further, we present a multi-ethnic, multi-center, racial bias-free study of stroke risk assessment.

Indexed as

atherosclerosisAttention-UNetCCACVDdeep learningICAplaque segmentationstrokeUNetUNet++UNet+++

Identifiers

PMID36286278
PMCPMC9604424
OpenAlexW4297540602

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.