ReviewBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2022
A Review of Psychological Stress among Students and Its Assessment Using Salivary Biomarkers.
Review in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2024Pooled it
- Men of Color Health Awareness intervention: changes in adrenocortical activity assessed using fingernail cortisol.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Review
- The Effect of Environmental Vulnerability on Family Caregiver Health.Oncology nursing forum · 2026Article
- Impact of exam stress and time of day on hand grip fatigue in medical students.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Determination of perceived stress, salivary cortisol and interleukin-1β levels and clinical features of chronic urticaria in patients with dermographic urticaria in comparison to patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria and healthy individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Associations of academic stress with anxiety and depressive symptoms: the mediating role of emotional eating.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A Review of Mechanisms Underlying Modulation of Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Psychological Stress in College Students by High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Combined with B-Vitamin Supplementation.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Experimental modeling of Alzheimer's disease: Translational lessons from cross-taxon analyses.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Salivary Markers as Potential Stress Descriptors for Pediatric Dental Patients: A Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A clinical and biochemical study to estimate the salivary alpha-amylase level in post-menopausal women with psychosomatic disorders.African health sciences · 2025Article
- Investigation of Perceived Stress During COVID-19 Pandemic Self-Isolation Periods.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Awareness, and Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Students of Biomedical Faculties: A Cross-Sectional Study.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Investigating the psychophysiological effects of NaiKan Therapy: salivary oxytocin and cortisol release.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2025Article
- Research prospect of human salivary cortisol: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Serum cortisol level as marker of stress in camels: relationship with immunological profile.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- "University stress" exploring the potential impact of an immersive art experience on a college campus.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Measuring the relationship between social capital, race, and education.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Numerous psychoneuroimmune factors participate in complex bodily reactions to psychological stress, and some of them can be easily and non-invasively measured in saliva (cortisol, alpha-amylase, proinflammatory cytokines). Cortisol plays a crucial role in the stress response; thus, stressful events (academic examinations, cardiac surgery, dental procedures) are accompanied by an increase in cortisol levels. (A correlation between cortisol blood levels and salivary values has already been confirmed, particularly during stress). Academic stress is defined as everyday stress among students that has an impact on aspects of their psychological and physiological well-being. For example, exams are considered one of the most acute stressful experiences for students. The strength of the association between academic self-efficacy, psychological stress, and anxiety depends on a variety of factors: the type of academic challenge (e.g., oral exam), the presence of an audience, etc. Higher stress levels were predominantly recorded among younger students, primarily regarding their academic tasks and concerns (grades, exams, competing with peers for grades, fear of failing the academic year, etc.). The measurement of stress levels during academic stress can improve our understanding of the character and influence of stressful events in populations of students, preventing adverse reactions to long-term stress, such as a decreased immune response and increased anxiety.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.