ReviewEuropean journal of immunology2023
The thioredoxin system: Balancing redox responses in immune cells and tumors.
Review in European journal of immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Tumor cell membrane‑coated MOF‑199 nanoparticles co‑loaded with auranofin and celecoxib enhance single‑dose radiotherapy and anti‑PD‑L1 therapy in cervical cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Regulating xenophagy and phenotype of macrophages by selenium-doped nanoleaves on Zn-based implants for infected bone integration.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Signaling Networks and Oxidative Stress Adaptation in Critical Priority Fungal Pathogens.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- TrxR Inhibition and Nrf2-FOXO3 Modulation by Repurposed Drugs: A Redox Strategy to Reverse Cancer Multidrug Resistance.Drug development research · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights into TXNDC17-mediated ferroptosis suppression in glioblastoma progression.Biology direct · 2026Article
- Disulfidptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and exploratory insights into chronic liver diseases.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Selenium-Based Strategies for Targeting Multidrug-Resistant Breast Cancer: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Inflammation and RONS Dysregulation by Redox Enzymes as Mechanistic Links in HIV-1-Cancer Comorbidity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Role of Selenium in the Antioxidant System of Cattle, Pigs, and Small Ruminants: Implications for Animal Health and Productivity.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Glutathione responsive nanomedicine leverages tumor redox imbalance for targeted cancer theranostics.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in tendon redox biology: the interplay of oxidative stress, calcium signaling, and antioxidant defence mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Involvement of the thioredoxin system in multiple diseases: A focus on mechanisms of action in autophagy and ferroptosis (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Identification and experimental validation of CD74, PGLYRP1, and TXN as potential biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis: an integrative bulk and ScRNA-seq study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Modulation of cellular signaling and innate immune mechanisms by cold atmospheric plasma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Novel Adamantane-Sclareol Hybrids Exploit ROS Vulnerability to Overcome Multidrug-Resistance in Glioblastoma Cells.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The novel thioredoxin reductase inhibitor butaselen suppresses lung cancer by inducing oxidative stress.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The thioredoxin (TRX) system is an important contributor to cellular redox balance and regulates cell growth, apoptosis, gene expression, and antioxidant defense in nearly all living cells. Oxidative stress, the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, can lead to cell death and tissue damage, thereby contributing to aging and to the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular and allergic diseases, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Targeting its activity is also considered as a promising strategy in the treatment of cancer. Over the past years, immunologists have established an essential function of TRX for activation, proliferation, and responses in T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Upon activation, immune cells rearrange their redox system and activate the TRX pathway to promote proliferation through sustainment of nucleotide biosynthesis, and to support inflammatory responses in myeloid cells by allowing NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome responses. Consequently, targeting the TRX system may therapeutically be exploited to inhibit immune responses in inflammatory conditions. In this review, we summarize recent insights revealing key roles of the TRX pathway in immune cells in health and disease, and lessons learnt for cancer therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.