ReviewImmunotherapy advances2022
Adrenergic signaling regulation of macrophage function: do we understand it yet?
Review in Immunotherapy advances, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroinflammation and noradrenergic modulation with β2-adrenoceptors: Emerging therapeutic targets for Parkinson's diseases.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- M2 polarization of macrophages: Manipulation of spinal cord injury repair.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune Regulation in Posttraumatic Bone Repair: From Inflammatory Transition to Neurovascular Coupling and Functional Recovery.Journal of cellular physiology · 2026Review
- Sympathetic denervation alters pulmonary microbiota diversity and composition in mice.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- A Holistic and Dynamic Network-Level View of the Autonomic Nervous System.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- A Review of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Disease: Comprehensive Theory and Evidence for Mechanisms of Action.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Rats exposed to a low resource environment in early life display sex differences in blood pressure, autonomic activity, and brain and kidney pro-inflammatory markers during adulthood.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Psychological Stress and Male Infertility: Oxidative Stress as the Common Downstream Pathway.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Neuro-immune-bone axis in post-traumatic bone regeneration: temporal regulation, dysregulation mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Relationship between choroidal thickness changes and macrophage polarization in high myopia.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Adrenergic receptors on immune cells in cardiovascular disease: signaling plasticity, biased agonism, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Guanfacine and HCN channels: bridging neuroinflammation and prefrontal cortex function in autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Beta blockers linked to reduced 1-Year mortality in critically ill congestive heart failure patients with differential benefits across subgroups.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveal age-specific basal and acute exercise responsiveness differences in humans.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Macrophages at the Crossroads of Chronic Stress and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Habitual Exercise Modulates Neuroimmune Interaction to Mitigate Aortic Stiffness.Circulation research · 2025Article
- The Sympathetic Nervous Influence on Hematopoiesis Up To Date.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Roles of circadian clocks in macrophage metabolism: implications in inflammation and metabolism of lipids, glucose, and amino acids.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Contemporary insights into neuroimmune interactions across development and aging.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- The potential link between inflammatory bowel disease and male erectile dysfunction: mechanistic insights and novel therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages are immune cells that are widespread throughout the body and critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Their remarkable plasticity allows them to acquire different phenotypes, becoming able either to fight infection (M1-like, classically activated macrophages) or to promote tissue remodeling and repair (M2-like, alternatively activated macrophages). These phenotypes are induced by different cues present in the microenvironment. Among the factors that might regulate macrophage activation are mediators produced by different branches of the nervous system. The regulation exerted by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) on macrophages (and the immune system in general) is becoming a subject of increasing interest, indeed a great number of articles have been published lately. Catecholamines (noradrenaline and adrenaline) activate α and β adrenergic receptors expressed by macrophages and shape the effector functions of these cells in contexts as diverse as the small intestine, the lung, or the adipose tissue. Activation of different subsets of receptors seems to produce antagonistic effects, with α adrenergic receptors generally associated with pro-inflammatory functions and β adrenergic receptors (particularly β2) related to the resolution of inflammation and tissue remodeling. However, exceptions to this paradigm have been reported, and the factors contributing to these apparently contradictory observations are still far from being completely understood. Additionally, macrophages
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.