ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2022
Matrix Gla protein (MGP), GATA3, and TRPS1: a novel diagnostic panel to determine breast origin.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic clustering alignment and feature characterization for single-cell omics using ACE-OF-Clust.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Multi-Gene Signature Associated with 1-Year Survival in Patients with Stage I Liver Cancer: Integration of Preclinical and TCGA Data.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Multidimensional roles and clinical significance of GATA3 in breast cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of breast-specific marker expression in metastatic breast cancers: Correlation with subtype switch.Histopathology · 2025Article
- Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS1) in breast pathology: diagnostic utility and pitfalls.Diagnostic pathology · 2025Article
- TRPS1 expression in breast angiosarcoma.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Review
- TRPS1, a sensitive marker for different histological and molecular types of breast cancer.Diagnostic pathology · 2024Article
- Article
- TRPS1 expression in primary and metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma, muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma, and breast carcinoma: Is TRPS1 truly specific and sensitive for a breast primary?Human pathology · 2024Article
- TRPS1 expression in cytokeratin 5 expressing triple negative breast cancers, its value as a marker of breast origin.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Review
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15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetastatic breast carcinoma is commonly considered during differential diagnosis when metastatic disease is detected in females. In addition to the tumor morphology and documented clinical history, sensitive and specific immunohistochemical (IHC) markers such as GCDFP-15, mammaglobin, and GATA3 are helpful for determining breast origin. However, these markers are reported to show lower sensitivity in certain subtypes, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MATERIALS AND
methodsUsing bioinformatics analyses, we identified a potential diagnostic panel to determine breast origin: matrix Gla protein (MGP), transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1 (TRPS1), and GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3). We compared MGP, TRPS1, and GATA3 expression in different subtypes of breast carcinoma of (n = 1201) using IHC. As a newly identified marker, MGP expression was also evaluated in solid tumors (n = 2384) and normal tissues (n = 1351) from different organs.
resultsMGP and TRPS1 had comparable positive expression in HER2-positive (91.2% vs. 92.0%, p = 0.79) and TNBC subtypes (87.3% vs. 91.2%, p = 0.18). GATA3 expression was lower than MGP (p < 0.001) or TRPS1 (p < 0.001), especially in HER2-positive (77.0%, p < 0.001) and TNBC (43.3%, p < 0.001) subtypes. TRPS1 had the highest positivity rate (97.9%) in metaplastic TNBCs, followed by MGP (88.6%), while only 47.1% of metaplastic TNBCs were positive for GATA3. When using MGP, GATA3, and TRPS1 as a novel IHC panel, 93.0% of breast carcinomas were positive for at least two markers, and only 9 cases were negative for all three markers. MGP was detected in 36 cases (3.0%) that were negative for both GATA3 and TRPS1. MGP showed mild-to-moderate positive expression in normal hepatocytes, renal tubules, as well as 31.1% (99/318) of hepatocellular carcinomas. Rare cases (0.6-5%) had focal MGP expression in renal, ovarian, lung, urothelial, and cholangiocarcinomas.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that MGP is a newly identified sensitive IHC marker to support breast origin. MGP, TRPS1, and GATA3 could be applied as a reliable diagnostic panel to determine breast origin in clinical practice.
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