ArticleScientific reports2022
Direct modelling from GPS data reveals daily-activity-dependency of effective reproduction number in COVID-19 pandemic.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing the applicability of big data driven urban vibrancy analysis in mixed urbanized-depopulated contexts: a case study of a Japanese city.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Respiratory viral infections: when and where? A scoping review of spatiotemporal methods.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Revealing spatiotemporal variations in areas potentially linked to COVID-19 spread using fine-grained population data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Forecast Model for COVID-19 Spread Trends Using Blog and GPS Data from Smartphones.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enhancing the gravity model for commuters: Time-and-spatial-structure-based improvements in Japan's metropolitan areas.PloS one · 2025Article
- Human mobility description by physical analogy of electric circuit network based on GPS data.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments faced difficulties in implementing mobility restriction measures, as no clear quantitative relationship between human mobility and infection spread in large cities is known. We developed a model that enables quantitative estimations of the infection risk for individual places and activities by using smartphone GPS data for the Tokyo metropolitan area. The effective reproduction number is directly calculated from the number of infectious social contacts defined by the square of the population density at each location. The difference in the infection rate of daily activities is considered, where the 'stay-out' activity, staying at someplace neither home nor workplace, is more than 28 times larger than other activities. Also, the contribution to the infection strongly depends on location. We imply that the effective reproduction number is sufficiently suppressed if the highest-risk locations or activities are restricted. We also discuss the effects of the Delta variant and vaccination.
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Registered trials
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