ArticleDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2023
Development of social functioning in children with cerebral palsy: A longitudinal study.
Article in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Understanding social cognition in children with cerebral palsy: exploring the relationship with executive functions and the intervention outcomes in a randomized controlled trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Therapeutic Effects of Metaverse Rehabilitation for Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Communication about sexuality for adolescents with cerebral palsy and complex communication needs: A scoping review with framework synthesis.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Socio-Emotional Development in Young Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review.Child: care, health and development · 2025Article
- Measuring Community and Home Participation and Environmental Factors in Children with Cerebral Palsy.Pediatric reports · 2025Article
- Focus group discussion on factors for development of somatosensory games on hand function training for self-care ability of children with autism.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- A Prospective, Longitudinal Study of Caregiver-Reported Adaptive Skills and Function of Individuals withAdvances in neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Article
- Development of social functioning in children with cerebral palsy: A longitudinal study.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2023Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
aimTo describe the development of social function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) classified in all levels of the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS).
methodThis prospective, longitudinal population-based cohort study recruited children with CP born in Queensland, Australia. Social functioning was measured using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) social function domain at 2 years, 2 years 6 months, 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years, and the PEDI Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT) social/cognitive domain at 8 to 12 years.
resultsSeventy-four children provided 356 observations. PEDI-CAT social/cognitive scaled scores at 8 to 12 years were (mean [SD] n) CFCS level I, 68.6 (2.7) 45; CFCS level II, 64.0 (3.4) 10; CFCS level III, 63.5 (3.7) 4; CFCS level IV, 56.8 (5.0) 9; CFCS level V, 47.2 (5.8) 6. Scores within expected range for age (not less than 2 SD below mean) at 8 to 12 years were achieved by 35 (78%) children in CFCS level I and four (14%) in CFCS levels II to V. Forty-nine per cent of children scored at least two standard deviations below the population mean on a proxy measure of fluid intelligence. Intellectual impairment was associated with lower PEDI-CAT social/cognitive scaled scores in univariable analysis (β = -8.3, 95% confidence interval - 10.91 to -5.63; p < 0.001) but had a smaller effect when modelled together with CFCS.
interpretationSocial function attained by 8 to 12 years of age was strongly related to level of communication function (CFCS). The small number of children classified in CFCS levels II to V necessitates caution when viewing these individual CFCS level trajectories. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: There is a strong relation between social functioning and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) levels. At 8 to 12 years, 35 out of 45 children in CFCS level I met social functioning age expectations. Twenty-five out of 29 in CFCS levels II to V had social functioning below that expected for age. CFCS and age were more strongly associated with development of social functioning than Gross Motor Function Classification System or Manual Ability Classification System and age.
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