ArticleEuropean heart journal2023
Iron deficiency and cardiovascular disease.
Article in European heart journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 101 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Iron Status and Risk of Heart Disease, Stroke, and Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Study in European Adults.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Pooled it
- Intravenous iron infusion in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and study-level meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2023Pooled it
- Age-stratified effects of intravenous ferric derisomaltose in heart failure with iron deficiency: insights from the IRONMAN trial.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2025Trial
- Adjudication of Hospitalizations and Deaths in the IRONMAN Trial of Intravenous Iron for Heart Failure.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024Trial
- Ferric carboxymaltose and exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and iron deficiency: the FAIR-HFpEF trial.European heart journal · 2024Trial
- Intravenous iron for heart failure, iron deficiency definitions, and clinical response: the IRONMAN trial.European heart journal · 2024Trial
- Iron status from diet and serum in relation to biological aging acceleration: A NHANES cross-sectional study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- A compendium of circulating biomarkers of senescence in humans: Insights on mechanistic impact across health domains and modulation by therapeutic interventions.Ageing research reviews · 2026Review
- Update on clinical heart failure trials.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Review
- Lower Micronutrient Intake in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Delayed Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Egyptian Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Preoperative iron status and its association with adverse outcomes in pediatric congenital heart disease.Chinese medical journal · 2026Article
- Admission ferritin in STEMI predicts long-term major adverse cardiovascular outcomes.European heart journal open · 2026Article
- Evaluation of neutrophil oxidative burst capacity in relation to major adverse cardiac events and infection in patients with cardiovascular disease.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- New-Onset Acute Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction Associated With Severe Microcytic Anemia.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Clinical Outcomes in Anemic Women Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2026Article
- Iron Deficiency as an Important Predictor of Arterial and Venous Thrombosis, Myocarditis, and Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19 and Influenza.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Implications of ferritinophagy in cardiovascular diseases and its pharmacological modulation: underlying mechanisms and clinical translation strategies.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Iron Deficiency in Acute Coronary Syndrome Treated with Percutaneous Angioplasty-A Factor of Unestablished Significance.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Iron Dysregulation and Vascular Diseases: A Contemporary Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Review
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. Up to 60% of patients with coronary artery disease, and an even higher proportion of those with heart failure (HF) or pulmonary hypertension have ID; the evidence for cerebrovascular disease, aortic stenosis and atrial fibrillation is less robust. The prevalence of ID increases with the severity of cardiac and renal dysfunction and is probably more common amongst women. Insufficient dietary iron, reduced iron absorption due to increases in hepcidin secondary to the low-grade inflammation associated with atherosclerosis and congestion or reduced gastric acidity, and increased blood loss due to anti-thrombotic therapy or gastro-intestinal or renal disease may all cause ID. For older people in the general population and patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), both anaemia and ID are associated with a poor prognosis; each may confer independent risk. There is growing evidence that ID is an important therapeutic target for patients with HFrEF, even if they do not have anaemia. Whether this is also true for other HF phenotypes or patients with cardiovascular disease in general is currently unknown. Randomized trials showed that intravenous ferric carboxymaltose improved symptoms, health-related quality of life and exercise capacity and reduced hospitalizations for worsening HF in patients with HFrEF and mildly reduced ejection fraction (<50%). Since ID is easy to treat and is effective for patients with HFrEF, such patients should be investigated for possible ID. This recommendation may extend to other populations in the light of evidence from future trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.