ArticleJCI insight2022
Consecutive BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination induces short-term epigenetic memory in innate immune cells.
Article in JCI insight, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Boosting effect of high-dose influenza vaccination on innate immunity among elderly.JCI insight · 2025Trial
- Lipid nanoparticles as active biointerfaces: From membrane interaction to systemic dysregulation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Beyond the genetic code: orchestrating epigenetic and immune landscapes with multivalent mRNA-exosome vaccines.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Integrative Multidimensional Profiling of Individuals Recovered from Mild COVID-19 Reveals Immune-Metabolic-Oxidative Network Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Programming the immunological properties of mRNA vaccines for cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Trained Immunity Induced by Vaccines: A Shifting Paradigm for Infant and Adult Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Systems vaccinology analysis of saRNA immunization identifies an acute innate immune signature correlated with adaptive immunity.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Dose-dependent IFN programs in myeloid cells after mRNA and adenovirus COVID-19 vaccination.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Gene expression changes in lymphocytes and monocytes from patients with traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Trained immunity-based mucosal immunotherapies for preventing respiratory infections: a translational, evidence-graded appraisal of platforms, populations, and the protection-immunopathology balance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Therapeutic mRNA vaccines for lung cancer: reshaping the tumor microenvironment to enhance anti-tumor immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Signatures of Trained Immunity Following mRNA Vaccination: Differences Between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Immunology of RNA-based vaccines: The critical interplay between inflammation and expression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Mapping NK cell diversity in response to COVID-19 and mRNA vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Challenges and opportunities in mRNA vaccine development against bacteria.Nature microbiology · 2025Review
- Bioengineering approaches to trained immunity: Physiologic targets and therapeutic strategies.eLife · 2025Review
- Altered baseline immunological state and impaired immune response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in lung transplant recipients.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Linking vaccine adjuvant mechanisms of action to function.Science immunology · 2025Review
- Variants and vaccines impact nasal immunity over three waves of SARS-CoV-2.Nature immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Consecutive mRNA vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 reinforced both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, it remains unclear whether the enhanced innate immune responses are mediated by epigenetic regulation and, if so, whether these effects persist. Using mass cytometry, RNA-Seq, and ATAC-Seq, we show that BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination upregulated antiviral and IFN-stimulated gene expression in monocytes with greater effects after the second vaccination than those after the first vaccination. Transcription factor-binding motif analysis also revealed enriched IFN regulatory factors and PU.1 motifs in accessible chromatin regions. Importantly, although consecutive BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations boosted innate immune responses and caused epigenetic changes in isolated monocytes, we show that these effects occurred only transiently and disappeared 4 weeks after the second vaccination. Furthermore, single-cell RNA-Seq analysis revealed that a similar gene signature was impaired in the monocytes of unvaccinated patients with COVID-19 with acute respiratory distress syndrome. These results reinforce the importance of the innate immune response in the determination of COVID-19 severity but indicate that, unlike adaptive immunity, innate immunity is not unexpectedly sustained even after consecutive vaccination. This study, which focuses on innate immune memory, may provide novel insights into the vaccine development against infectious diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.