ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2023
Trained immunity is induced in humans after immunization with an adenoviral vector COVID-19 vaccine.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Live-attenuated vaccines of human respiratory syncytial virus for infants and young children: Progress and prospects of an old yet promising platform.Biosafety and health · 2026Review
- Randomized clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines are not designed to study non-specific effects on rare mortality.iScience · 2026Article
- Association between COVID-19 booster vaccination and influenza mortality: a nationwide retrospective cohort study using the SIVEP-Gripe database in Brazil.Immunologic research · 2026Article
- Trained Immunity Induced by Vaccines: A Shifting Paradigm for Infant and Adult Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Monocyte/macrophage-mediated trained immunity in disease prevention and immunotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Trained Immunity in Neutrophils and Mononuclear Phagocytes: Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Functions.Cells · 2026Review
- IFNγ-induced memory in human macrophages is sustained by the durability of cytokine signaling itself.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- IFN-γ-induced trained immunity enhances killing of priority pathogens in healthy and genetically vulnerable individuals.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Discovery of key regulators in classical monocyte phenotypes linked to COVID-19 severity using single-cell multi-omics sequencing.iScience · 2026Article
- Challenge Specific Modulation of Responses to Adjuvant-Induced Innate Immune Memory.Immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Ad5-boosted COVID-19 vaccine reduces symptomatic BA.5 infection via cross-neutralizing antibodies and NK cell immunity.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Signatures of Trained Immunity Following mRNA Vaccination: Differences Between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- ASFV Proteins Presented at the Surface of T7 Phages Induce Strong Antibody Responses and Immune Cell Proliferation inVaccines · 2025Article
- Protection acquired upon intraperitoneal group aVirulence · 2025Article
- Review
- In vitro protocol demonstrating five functional steps of trained immunity in mice: Implications on biomarker discovery and translational research.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Memory in Misfire: The Gut Microbiome-Trained Immunity Circuit in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Trained ILCs confer adaptive immunity-independent protection against influenza.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundHeterologous effects of vaccines are mediated by "trained immunity," whereby myeloid cells are metabolically and epigenetically reprogrammed, resulting in heightened responses to subsequent insults. Adenovirus vaccine vector has been reported to induce trained immunity in mice. Therefore, we sought to determine whether the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222), which uses an adenoviral vector, could induce trained immunity in vivo in humans.MethodsTen healthy volunteers donated blood on the day before receiving the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine and on days 14, 56, and 83 after vaccination. Monocytes were purified from PBMCs, cell phenotype was determined by flow cytometry, expression of metabolic enzymes was quantified by RT-qPCR, and production of cytokines and chemokines in response to stimulation ex vivo was analyzed by multiplex ELISA.ResultsMonocyte frequency and count were increased in peripheral blood up to 3 months after vaccination compared with their own prevaccine controls. Expression of HLA-DR, CD40, and CD80 was enhanced on monocytes for up to 3 months following vaccination. Moreover, monocytes had increased expression of glycolysis-associated enzymes 2 months after vaccination. Upon stimulation ex vivo with unrelated antigens, monocytes produced increased IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, CXCL1, and MIP-1α and decreased TNF, compared with prevaccine controls. Resting monocytes produced more IFN-γ, IL-18, and MCP-1 up to 3 months after vaccination compared with prevaccine controls.ConclusionThese data provide evidence for the induction of trained immunity following a single dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.FundingThis work was funded by the Health Research Board (EIA-2019-010) and Science Foundation Ireland Strategic Partnership Programme (proposal ID 20/SPP/3685).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.