ArticleDiscovery medicine
Vaccination Reduces Risk of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders.
Article in Discovery medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Rationale for a Multi-Factorial Approach for the Reversal of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease and MCI: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Unmasking the hidden catalyst: How infections trigger Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Review
- Association between shingles vaccination and slower biological aging: evidence from a US population-based cohort study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Decoding subphenotypes in electronic medical records within late-onset Alzheimer's disease reveals heterogeneity and sex-specific differences.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- The Association Between Herpes Zoster, Antiherpetic Therapies, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Between 1990 and 2024.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- The Discovery of Phages in the Substantia Nigra and Its Implication for Parkinson's Disease.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- The desire of autonomy: A lever for vaccination of the elderly? Results of a qualitative study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Klebsiella pneumoniae infection increases risk of Alzheimer's Disease in the UK Biobank cohort.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Prediction of serum neuritin and neuron-specific enolase for prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury combined with spinal cord injury.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2024Article
- Neurotropic virus infection and neurodegenerative diseases: Potential roles of autophagy pathway.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Infections in the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease and Synucleinopathies: A Renewed Perspective, Mechanistic Insights, and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's disease and infectious agents: a comprehensive review of pathogenic mechanisms and microRNA roles.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's disease and its treatment-yesterday, today, and tomorrow.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Community-Based Strategies to Reduce Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Incidence Among Rural, Racially/Ethnically Diverse Older Adults.Current geriatrics reports · 2023Article
- RORB, an Alzheimer's disease susceptibility gene, is associated with viral encephalitis, an Alzheimer's disease risk factor.Clinical neurology and neurosurgery · 2023Article
- Article
- Friends and Foes in Alzheimer's Disease.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is an increasing problem of aging. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD) are the most frequent forms of age-related neurodegeneration. Infectious diseases, in general, confer a risk of AD. Influenza and pneumonia vaccinations reduce risk of AD. Being vaccinated against pneumonia between ages 65-75 is associated with a reduction in the risk of AD afterwards. Protection against bacterial and viral infection is beneficial to the brain since these infections may activate dormant herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes zoster virus (HZV). HSV-1 and HZV may interact to trigger AD. Shingles (HZV) vaccine Zostavax reduces risk of AD and PD. This finding is consistent with the link between viruses and neurodegeneration. Herpes virus-induced reactivation of embryologic pathways silenced at birth could be one of the pathologic processes in AD and PD. Once embryologic reactivation has occurred in the brain of an older person and AD or PD develops, this complex process relentlessly destroys the protective mechanism it created in utero. Unanswered question: Are the AD-risk-reducing effects of flu, pneumonia, and shingles vaccinations cumulative?
Indexed as
Identifiers
36281030PMC9608336What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.