ArticleHormones (Athens, Greece)2022
Serum growth differentiation factor-15 levels are associated with the severity of diabetic foot ulcer.
Article in Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prediction of Factors Influencing the Incidence of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using Classical Statistical and Machine Learning Approaches: A Systematic Review.International wound journal · 2026Pooled it
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 in Plasma as Biomarkers for Neuropathy and Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Genetics of hyperaldosteronism and a wealth of new information on topics ranging from MEN1 to Cushing's disease and metabolic syndrome.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo assess serum growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) levels in patients with diabetic foot ulcer and to reveal whether any association exists between GDF-15 and the severity of diabetic foot ulcer.
designA cross-sectional study including three age- and sex-matched cohorts comprising 17 patients (7 F, mean age: 52 ± 7 years) with diabetic foot ulcer (DMf), 17 patients with type 2 diabetes (6 F, mean age: 51 ± 6 years) with no foot complication (DM), and 20 healthy controls (8 F, mean age: 50 ± 8 years) (C) was conducted.
resultsDMf had higher GDF-15 levels, followed by DM and C (GDF-15, median ± IQR (pg/mL), DMf: 1039 (884-1566), DM: 649 (375-1148), and C: 296 (212-534), p < 0.001). The severity of diabetic foot disease was positively associated with serum GDF-15 (GDF-15, median ± IQR (pg/mL), Wagner grade 1: 893 (698-1039), Wagner grade 3: 1705 (1348-2197), and Wagner grade 4: 3075 (1974-4176), p for trend = 0.006). In multivariate regression model, only Wagner grade (β = 0.55, 95% CI (87-753), p = 0.02) was found to be an independent factor affecting serum GDF-15 concentration.
conclusionsSerum GDF-15 levels are high in patients with diabetic foot ulcer. The level is higher in more advanced lesions. GDF-15 measurement can have clinical utility in the management of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Registered trials
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