ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Location-specific strategies for eliminating US national racial-ethnic [Formula: see text] exposure inequality.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inverse Modeling Identifies Efficient Emission Control Strategy for Mitigating PM2.5 Pollution.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
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- Methodological Design Choices Can Affect Air Pollution Exposure Disparity Estimates: A Case Study on California's Agricultural Sector.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- The diverging role of increasing wildfire smoke to ambient PMPLOS climate · 2026Article
- Quantification of the Spatial Variation and Source Contributions to Ambient Particle-Bound PAHs Using Aerosol Mass Spectrometry.Aerosol and air quality research · 2026Article
- Contrasting Patterns in Ambient PMGeoHealth · 2026Article
- Eliminating air pollution disparities requires more than emission reduction.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Defining "Overburdened Communities" in State Level Legislation Using Cumulative Impacts Frameworks to Inform Environmental Decision-Making: Implications for Environmental and Health Justice.Environmental justice (Print) · 2025Article
- Article
- Identifying air quality monitoring deserts in the United States.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Regional Difference in the Association Between Long-Term PM and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Potential Determinants of the Difference.GeoHealth · 2025Article
- Impacts of Vehicle Emission Regulations and Local Congestion Policies on Birth Outcomes Associated with Traffic Air Pollution.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2025Article
- Neighborhood-Level Nitrogen Dioxide Inequalities Contribute to Surface Ozone Variability in Houston, Texas.ACS ES&T air · 2024Article
- PMScience advances · 2024Article
- Air Quality, Health, and Equity Benefits of Carbon Neutrality and Clean Air Pathways in China.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- California dreaming: Why environmental justice is integral to the success of climate change policy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Policy-induced air pollution health disparities: Statistical and data science considerations.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Assessing Adverse Health Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low Levels of Ambient Air Pollution: The HEI Experience and What's Next?Environmental science & technology · 2024Review
- Fine-Scale Neighborhood Air Pollution Mapping: A First Step Toward Decoding Racial Asthma Disparities.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Environmental Justice and Systems Analysis for Air Quality Planning in the Port of Oakland in California.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Air pollution levels in the United States have decreased dramatically over the past decades, yet national racial-ethnic exposure disparities persist. For ambient fine particulate matter ([Formula: see text]), we investigate three emission-reduction approaches and compare their optimal ability to address two goals: 1) reduce the overall population average exposure ("overall average") and 2) reduce the difference in the average exposure for the most exposed racial-ethnic group versus for the overall population ("national inequalities"). We show that national inequalities in exposure can be eliminated with minor emission reductions (optimal: ~1% of total emissions) if they target specific locations. In contrast, achieving that outcome using existing regulatory strategies would require eliminating essentially all emissions (if targeting specific economic sectors) or is not possible (if requiring urban regions to meet concentration standards). Lastly, we do not find a trade-off between the two goals (i.e., reducing overall average and reducing national inequalities); rather, the approach that does the best for reducing national inequalities (i.e., location-specific strategies) also does as well as or better than the other two approaches (i.e., sector-specific and meeting concentration standards) for reducing overall averages. Overall, our findings suggest that incorporating location-specific emissions reductions into the US air quality regulatory framework 1) is crucial for eliminating long-standing national average exposure disparities by race-ethnicity and 2) can benefit overall average exposures as much as or more than the sector-specific and concentration-standards approaches.
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