ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2022
The role of neurotransmitter systems in mediating deep brain stimulation effects in Parkinson's disease.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive Models for Motor Outcomes From Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Lack of association between pretreatment glutamate/GABA and major depressive disorder treatment response.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Deep brain stimulation mechanisms in comorbid pain and emotional dysregulation from animal models.iScience · 2026Review
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotection in Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The role of L-DOPA in neurological and neurodegenerative complications: a review.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Parkinson's Disease-vulnerable and -resilient dopamine neurons display opposite responses to excitatory input.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation techniques in traumatic brain injury: a narrative review of the current state.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Review
- A comprehensive review of natural compounds and their structure-activity relationship in Parkinson's disease: exploring potential mechanisms.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Modulating the cholinergic system-Novel targets for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Remote Regulation of Molecular Diffusion in Extracellular Space of Parkinson's Disease Rat Model by Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Electrocardiographic approach strategies in patients with Parkinson disease treated with deep brain stimulation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Focused stimulation of dorsal versus ventral subthalamic nucleus enhances action-outcome learning in patients with Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2024Article
- The grand challenge at the frontiers of neurotechnology and its emerging clinical applications.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Multi-scale and cross-dimensional TMS mapping: A proof of principle in patients with Parkinson's disease and deep brain stimulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is among the most successful paradigms in both translational and reverse translational neuroscience. DBS has developed into a standard treatment for movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) in recent decades, however, specific mechanisms behind DBS's efficacy and side effects remain unrevealed. Several hypotheses have been proposed, including neuronal firing rate and pattern theories that emphasize the impact of DBS on local circuitry but detail distant electrophysiological readouts to a lesser extent. Furthermore, ample preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that DBS influences neurotransmitter dynamics in PD, particularly the effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS on striatal dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems; pallidum DBS on striatal dopaminergic and GABAergic systems; pedunculopontine nucleus DBS on cholinergic systems; and STN-DBS on locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system. DBS has additionally been associated with mood-related side effects within brainstem serotoninergic systems in response to STN-DBS. Still, addressing the mechanisms of DBS on neurotransmitters' dynamics is commonly overlooked due to its practical difficulties in monitoring real-time changes in remote areas. Given that electrical stimulation alters neurotransmitter release in local and remote regions, it eventually exhibits changes in specific neuronal functions. Consequently, such changes lead to further modulation, synthesis, and release of neurotransmitters. This narrative review discusses the main neurotransmitter dynamics in PD and their role in mediating DBS effects from preclinical and clinical data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.