ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2022
Metformin and risk of gingival/periodontal diseases in diabetes patients: A retrospective cohort study.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulation as a novel treatment strategy for periodontal disease: a systematic review.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- The oral‒gut axis in periodontal disease: a systematic review of the associated human evidence of its mechanisms and implications for patient care.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- Metformin carbon dots-based osteogenic and protein delivery system to promote bone regeneration in periodontitis.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Locally delivered 1% metformin gel improves periodontal parameters: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Saudi dental journal · 2025Review
- V-ATPase and Lysosomal Energy Sensing in Periodontitis and Medicine-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Review
- Metformin enhances the therapeutic effects of extracellular vesicles derived from human periodontal ligament stem cells on periodontitis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Coordination chemistry suggests that independently observed benefits of metformin and ZnBiometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: To compare the risk of gingival and periodontal diseases (GPD) between ever users and never users of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The Taiwan's National Health Insurance database was used to enroll 423,949 patients with new onset diabetes mellitus from 1999 to 2005. After excluding ineligible patients, 60,309 ever users and 5578 never users were followed up for the incidence of GPD from January 1, 2006 until December 31, 2011. Propensity score-weighted hazard ratios were estimated by Cox regression. Results: GPD was newly diagnosed in 18,528 ever users (incidence: 7746.51 per 100,000 person-years) and 2283 never users (incidence: 12158.59 per 100,000 person-years). The hazard ratio that compared ever users to never users was 0.627 (95% confidence interval: 0.600-0.655). When metformin use was categorized by tertiles of cumulative duration and cumulative dose, the risk significantly reduced in a dose-response pattern when the cumulative duration reached approximately 2 years or the cumulative dose reached 670 grams. Analyses on the tertiles of defined daily dose of metformin showed that the reduction of GPD risk could be seen in all three subgroups but the benefit would be greater when the daily dose increased. Conclusion: Long-term use of metformin is associated with a significantly reduced risk of GPD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.